lecture 19

Question 1

3 networks of attention

Answer 1

alerting, orienting, executive

Question 2

alerting network

Answer 2

arousal and sensitivity to stimuli, attentional capture

Question 3

locations associated with alerting

Answer 3

locus coeruleus, frontal and parietal cortex, stimuli alerts the forebrain

Question 4

neurotransmittier for alerting network

Answer 4

norepinephrine

Question 5

orienting network

Answer 5

moving attention from place to place, motor control, prioritizes one sense over another or location in space

Question 6

orienting neurotransmitter

Answer 6

acetylcholine

Question 7

locations associated with orienting network

Answer 7

superior parietal, TPJ, frontal eye fields, superior colliculus, pulvinar

Question 8

dorsal orienting network

Answer 8

right lateralized, top-down directing of attention towards a specific object
goal-oriented selective attention

Question 9

ventral orienting network

Answer 9

syncs current activity with bottom-up incoming sensory info, reorienting

Question 10

executive network

Answer 10

determine what you want to pay attention to, self control and regulation, task management

Question 11

locations associated with executive network

Answer 11

anterior cingulate and insula, basal ganglia

Question 12

executive network neurotransmitter

Answer 12

dopamine

Question 13

exeuctive top-down processing networks (2)

Answer 13

dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex-parietal network (dlPFCP)
and
anterior cingulate/medial-frontal-anterior insula network (aCI)

Question 14

dlPFCP

Answer 14

active at beginning of task, starter, moment-to-moment task

Question 15

aCI

Answer 15

remains active throughout task, finisher, task set maintenance in continuing and finishing a task

Question 16

T/F
activity is correlated between the two executive networks

Answer 16

false, but activity in areas in a network are highly correlated

Question 17

stress affects self control, regulation and ____

Answer 17

attentional tasks

Question 18

cognition and emotions are controlled by activity from where

Answer 18

the lateral prefrontal and cingulate regions

Question 19

alerting related disorders

Answer 19

Aging (sleep disorders), and ADHD

Question 20

Orienting related disorders

Answer 20

autism (inability to disengage), PTSD, contralateral neglect (orienting to contralesional space)

Question 21

executive network related disorders

Answer 21

anxiety, depression, OCD, personality disorders, schizophrenia, substance abuse

Question 22

hypothesis of attention

Answer 22

neuronal synchrony, timing of action potentials have input from two neurons arriving at same target at same time, and summed to reach threshold for action potential

Question 23

inattention blindness

Answer 23

failure to notice something while performing a task

Question 24

change blindness

Answer 24

subjects routinely fail to notice small, unexpected changes in environment

change is not salient enough to alert to the stimuli

Question 25

attentional blink

Answer 25

when paying attention to to something but we miss a second stimulus

early-stage filtering

Question 26

integrated info theory

Answer 26

consciousness is made up of distinct experiences that are all unified ?

Question 27

binding in consciousness

Answer 27

unifies arousal, perception, attention, and working memory
thought to sync activity in those networks for that relative time of the conscious experience