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PSYCH 377 > Anatomy Of Brain > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Central sulcus

A

Divides the parietal from the frontal lobe

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2
Q

Where are the lobes

A

Frontal is superior, parietal is dorsal posterior, temporal is ventral, occipital is posterior

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3
Q

Parietal love

A

Taste, touch, smell, spatial and visual, math reading writing

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4
Q

Occipital

A

Visual

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5
Q

Frontal

A

Personality, problem solving, emotion, language,

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6
Q

Temporal

A

Hearing, learning, language, memory

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7
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordination, balance

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8
Q

Brain stem

A

Unconscious tasks, reflexes

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9
Q

CNS

A

Brain and spinal chord

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10
Q

PNS

A

Branches out from CNS, autonomic and somatic

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11
Q

White matter

A

Fatty, myelinated axons

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12
Q

Grey matter

A

Non myelinated

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13
Q

Reticular matter

A

Dense Mix of grey and white, found in brain stem

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14
Q

Order of grey and white matter in brain and spinal chord

A

Brain- grey on out, white on in
Spinal chord- grey on in, white on out bc axons should be on out as their sending stuff out

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15
Q

How many main cerebral arteries are there

A

3, dorsal, ventral, medial
The claw

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16
Q

Meninges

A

Surround the CNS to hold it in place, three layers

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17
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Fills all the space in our CNS as a shock absorber and waste transporter

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18
Q

Three layers of the meninges

A

Dura mater - really tough outside
Arachnoid mater - spiderlike and connects dura to pia
Pia mater - tough inside that attaches to brain where blood brain barrier is

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19
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

Astroglia hold cells of blood vessels together in a mesh like barrier

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20
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Voluntary skeletal muscles

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21
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Involuntary movement, sympathetic and parasympathetic

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22
Q

Sympathetic

A

Autonomic, stress, fight or flight reflexes, cortisol and adrenaline

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23
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Autonomic, rest and digest, calming hormones

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24
Q

What is between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater

A

The Subarachnoid space filled with CSF

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25
Q

Types of neurons

A

Sensory, inter, motor

26
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Afferent, take info from environment and bring to CNS, bipolar with soma outside of spinal chord for speed

27
Q

Interneurons

A

Connect sensory to motor, star shaped with tons of dendrites

28
Q

Three types of interneurons and location

A

Stellate - thalamus
Pyramidal - cortex
Purkinje - cerebellum

29
Q

Motor neurons

A

Efferent, from brain stem and spinal chord out to the muscles, some into PNS, unipolar (lots of dendrites, one axon)

30
Q

Glial cell types (glue)

A

Ependymal, astrocytes, microglial, oligodendroglial, Schwann

31
Q

Ependymal glia

A

Secretes CSF

32
Q

Astrocytes

A

Create blood brain barrier

33
Q

Microglial

A

Forms brains immune system

34
Q

Oligodendroglial cells

A

Create myelin around axons in CNS

35
Q

Schwann cells

A

Create myelin in the PNS, can reconnect and repair nerves but only in PNS, not CNS

36
Q

How does nervous system develop

A

Undifferentiated Neural stem cells turn into progenitors, then blast cells, then specialized cells through differentiation of neurons and glia

Stem, progenitor, blast, specialized

37
Q

Development of the CNS

A

Develops from three enlargements of the embryonic spinal cord (neural tube)
Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

38
Q

Prosencephalon

A

Forebrain
Telencephalon- forebrain
Diencephalon - thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal body

39
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain
Part of brain stem incl cerebral aqueduct

40
Q

Rhombencephalon

A

Hindbrain
Rest of brain stem
Metencephalon - cerebellum, pons
Myencephalon - medulla oblongata

41
Q

Ventricles

A

Four CSF filled cavities in the brain
The laterals, third, and fourth

42
Q

Ventricle locations

A

Laterals - in the tencephalon (forebrain)
Third - at midline or brain
Fourth - between cerebellum and brainstem

43
Q

Segments of the spinal cord

A

Cervical - neck
Thoracic - midsection
Lumbar - mid/lower back
Sacral - tailbone

44
Q

12 cranial nerves in order

A

Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigemenial, abducens, facial, auditory vestibular, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal

45
Q

Function of cranial nerves in order

A

Smell, vision, eye movement pupil, eye movement looking up down, face sensation and chewing, eye movement look side, facial expressions, hearing and balance, tongue and pharynx, gut and swallowing, shoulders and neck, tongue

46
Q

Brainstem

A

Extends from where spinal cord enters skull

47
Q

Hindbrain

A

Part of brainstem
Cerebellum, pons, medulla
Motor control and sensory integration, connection to rest of brain, breathing and heart rate regulation

48
Q

Midbrain

A

Part of brainstem
Tectum and tegmentum
Superior colliculi relays visual and inferior relays auditory, motor control

49
Q

Dicephalon

A

Connects brainstem to brain
Hypothalamus, thalamus, pineal gland
Hormones and all info destined for neocortex

50
Q

Telencephalon

A

Forebrain
Neocortex, basal ganglia and lambic system

51
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Motor control and learning,
Associative learning

52
Q

Order of thalami. Projections

A

Thalamus starts on top W DM, frontal DM in brain, then counterclockwise thalamus so clockwise brain
DM, VA, VL, VLP, LGB, LP, P
MGB mid brain and central mid thalamus

53
Q

Lambic system

A

Amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate cortex
Emotion, personal memories and spatial maps, decision making and executive functions

54
Q

Neocortex

A

Outer layer of forebrain (lumps and folds)
6 cells thick
Two hemispheres divided by the longitudinal fissure

55
Q

Ridges and clefts

A

Gyri and sulci

56
Q

Locations start at the

A

Central sulcus
Then there is post central, central and precentral as well as superior (top), middle and inferior

57
Q

Primary areas

A

Receive info directly from senses

58
Q

Secondary areas

A

Beside primary, take info and do more processing

59
Q

Tertiary areas

A

Integrate multiple senses to coordinate functions

60
Q

Cellular organization of the cortex

A

6 layers
I on outside, VI on inside
Outside 3 receive info from other cortical areas
IV is sense, Afferent
V and VI send output to motor, efferent

61
Q

How can you tell the function of a part of the cortex by looking at cell layers

A

If IV is thick, it’s sensory cortex
If V and VI are thick it’s motor cortex

PSYCH 377 (19 decks)

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