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PSYCH 377 > Brain imaging > Flashcards

Brain imaging Flashcards

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1
Q

Structural imaging

A

MRI, CAT, DTI

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2
Q

Dynamic imaging

A

Functional
PET, fMRI, DBS, EEG, ERP, single/multi cell recording

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3
Q

Indirect measures of brain activity

A

Dynamic usually
Blood oxygenation
Blood flow
Etc

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4
Q

Single cell recording

A

Electrode inserted next to or into an individual neuron and measures activity of the person with the firing pattern of the neuron
Best used in PNS because neurons are usually longer and larger

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5
Q

EEG recording

A

Electrodes on scalp to measure output of a group of neurons and can be used to map the origin of the signal based on where electrode locations and recordings

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6
Q

Partial vs generalized seizures

A

One area of brain affected vs over entire brain

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7
Q

States of consciousness

A

Beta - awake and alert - high freq, low amp
Alpha - relaxed, low freq, med amp
Delta - sleeping, low freq, high amp

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8
Q

Neural convergence vs neural divergence

A

Rods and cones relate to less cells and then to one vs a few synapse into many

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9
Q

Theta waves

A

Stage 1 of sleep, low freq and mid amp
Stage 2 sleep is k complexes and sleep spindles

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10
Q

High coherence

A

Low freq high amp
Coordinated activity of neurons but low cognitive load

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11
Q

Low coherence

A

High freq low amp
Many neurons firing at diff times actively processing info

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12
Q

ERP

A

Event related potential
Repeatedly present stimulation to someone with an EEG on and then take the average of their brainwaves from the repeated stims

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13
Q

Magnetoencephalography

A

MEG
Use SQUIDS to map the movement of electrical charges through the magnetic fields of neurons
Very expensive and hard to use

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14
Q

DBS

A

Implant an electrode into brain region and emit electrical charges
Used for therapy and treatment

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15
Q

TMS

A

Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Strong magnetic field to surface of skull to knock out or activate adjacent neurons

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16
Q

Pneumoemcephalograohy

A

Replaces CSF in spinal cord with air and increases contrast on an X-ray

17
Q

Angiography

A

Inject a tracer into blood to increase contrast on an xray for the circulatory system

18
Q

CT scan

A

Computed tomography
Narrow beams of x ray passed through brain at diff angles to create a 3D image of brain made up of 1mm cube voxels
Good for locating bleeding in brain

19
Q

PET imaging

A

Positron emission tomography
Inject or ingest radiotracer to get into your blood brain barrier and then emits positrons that annihilate electrons to emit a photon
Looks at bloodflow

20
Q

MRI

A

Subject goes into strong magnetic field that aligns all protons in body up with the field and then knocks them 90 degrees sideways
Then times how long it takes to realign and how long it takes to desynchronize
Used to map diff tissues in the brain

21
Q

Diffusion tensor imaging

A

DTI
Maps movement of water through axons in the brain using MRI (hydrogen in the water)

22
Q

fMRI

A

Looks at magnetic field diff between oxygenated and de hemoglobin in the blood
BOLD contrast reveals activity in brain regions

23
Q

rs-fMRI

A

No task being performed and can be used to characterize disease states

24
Q

Optical tomography

A

Functional near infrared spectroscopy fNIRS
shines NIR light through skull and detects light reflected from blood to measure oxygenation

25
Q

Subtraction in brain imaging

A

Subtraction of control experiment from activity condition will leave you with the task activity
Then average across diff individuals to find the mean diff image

26
Q

Invasiveness from most to least

A

DBS/TMS
Single/multi cell
PET
fMRI
EEG

27
Q

Temporal resolution best to worst

A

EEG and ERP
Single multi cell
PET
fMRI
MRI, CAT, DTI have none

28
Q

Spatial resolution best to worst

A

Single multi cell
MRI, CAT, DTI
fMRI
PET
EEG and ERP

PSYCH 377 (16 decks)

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