Motor Development Flashcards
Reflexes
Innate, fixed patterns of action that occur in response to particular stimulation.
Grasping reflex
Kinderen sluiten hun vingers rondom iets dat tegen hun handpalm komt
Rooting reflex
Baby turn their head in the direction of the touch and opening their mouth. Bijvoorbeeld als hun wang wordt aangeraakt.
Sucking reflex
Oral contact with the nipple followed by the sucking reflex
Tonic neck reflex
When the head turns or is turned to one side, the arm on that side of the body extends, while the arm and knee on the other side flex.
Which reflex stay
Coughing, sneezing, blinking and withdrawing from pain.
Early motor development results from a confluence of numerous factors:
Developing neural mechanisms Increases in infants strength Posture control Balance Perceptual skills Changes in body proportions Motivation
Stepping reflex
Infant lifts first en leg and then the other in a coordinated pattern like walking.
Pre- reaching movements
Clumsy swiping movements by young infants toward the general vicinity of objects they see.
Selflocomotion
The ability to move oneself around in the environment.
Scale errors
The attempt by a young child to perform an action on a minitare object that is impossible due to the large discrepancy in the relative sizes of the child and the object.
Differentiation
is de extractie van de constant veranderlijke stimuli uit de omgeving, die invariant of stabiel zijn, bijvoorbeeld een boos gezicht met een boos geluid.
Affordances
houden de mogelijkheden in voor acties, door middel van bepaalde objecten en situaties.
Statistisch leren
Het simpelweg oppikken van informatie vanuit de omgeving, door middel van associaties die ontstaan tussen stimuli in een statistisch voorspelbaar patroon.
Classical conditioning
A form of learning that consist of associating an initially neutral stimulus with a stimulus that always evokes a particular reflexive response.
Conditioning borstvoeding
The nipple
Unconditioned stimulus USC
Borstvoeding conditioning
The sucking reflex
Unconditioned response UCR
Borstvoeding conditioning
De borst of fles
conditioned stimulus (CS)
in classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus that is repeatedly paired with the unconditioned stimulus
Borstvoeding conditioning
Learned behavior
conditioned response (CR)
in classical conditioning, the originally reflexive response that comes to be elicited by the conditioned stimulus
Instrumental/ operante conditionering
Learning the relation between one own behavior and the consequences that result from it
Positive reinforcement
A reward that reliable follow a behavior and increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated
Rational learning
The ability to use prior experiences to predict what will occur in the future
Active learning
learning by acting on the world, rather than passively observing objects and events
