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Brain, Development And Behavior > Intelligence > Flashcards

Intelligence Flashcards

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1
Q

Intelligence

A

Knowledge
Effectief denken en beredeneren
Adaptief omgaan met je omgeving

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2
Q

First attempt to measure intelligence

A

Galton

  • erfelijkheid
  • Sensory and perceptual skills (reaction speed)
  • Size of the skull
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3
Q

Alfred Binet

A
  • Assumed that mental abilities develop with age
  • Chronological age VS mental age
  • Developed the Binet Simon test
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4
Q

Binet Simon test

A

Taks of reasoning & problem solving

  • verbal reasoning
  • Quantitive reasoning
  • Abstract reasoning
  • Short term memory
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5
Q

Stanford-Binet Intelligence scales

A
  • Fluid reasoning
  • Knowledge
  • Quantitative reasoning
  • Visual spatial processing
  • Working memory
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6
Q

Wechsler Scale

A
  • Based on Carroll three stratum Theory
  • WAIS for adults
  • WISC for kids ouder dan 6 jaar
  • WIPPSI voor kinderen 2 jaar en ouder
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7
Q

IQ

A

Ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100

- Now based on standardization, median is 100

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8
Q

Flynn effect

A

Gains in mean IQ for world regions

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9
Q

Factor analysis

A

Statistical method to identify clusters of variables that correlate highly with each other

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10
Q

Charles Spearman

A

-> factor analysis

Invented the G-Factor

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11
Q

G factor

A
  • School grades in English and math correlate positively

- Tasks for the Stanford binet correlate postively

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12
Q

Thurston

A

Critises Spearman

  • the correlations between tasks are positive but ar not that high
  • There are 7 mental abilities
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13
Q

Catell & Horn

A

Combined model for intelligence

- General intelligence contains- > fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence

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14
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A 
Keeps developing
Fluid intelligence (prefrontal cortex) has a peak around age 20 and that slightly decreases
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15
Q

Carroll´s three stratum theory

A

General intelligence is influenced by fluid and crystallized intelligence and the 7 abilities

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16
Q

IQ is an important predictor is

A
  • academic success
  • occupational success
  • economic success
  • health behaviors and outcomes
  • resilience
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17
Q

What influences intelligence

A

Genes and environment

As the child grow older the genes play a more important role

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18
Q

Active effects

A

The genotype of a child influences the environment a child chooses

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19
Q

Passive effects

A

The overlap of the genotype of the parents and the child’s genotype influences the environment the child grows up in.

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20
Q

Evocative effects

A

Behavior of the child will influence the reaction of others to the child

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21
Q

Biological factors intelligence

A
  • metabolic disorders: PKU or Tay-Sachs disease
  • chromosomal disorders: Down Syndrome
  • Premature birth
22
Q

Prenatal environment intelligence

A
  • Rubella virus
  • Drugs
  • Fetal Alcohol syndrome
    Maternal prenatal stress or anxiety
23
Q

Schooling effect on intelligence

A
  • Postive correlation between years of schooling and IQ independent of age
  • Practice makes perfect-> brain connectivity
  • Possibe explanation for Flynn effect
24
Q

Poverty and intelligence

A

Consistent negative effect of poverty on intelligence and IQ scores

  • Nutrition
  • Reduced access to health services
  • Household conflict
  • Less intellectual stimulation
25
Q

Pygmalion effect

A

If a teacher believes that a child has potential, the child will develop better cognitive skills

26
Q

Promote academic achievement

A

Project head start

  • Health promotion
  • Nutrition
  • Educational and school readiness
  • Parental involvement
27
Q

Parental involvement

A

Child parent-oriented motivation-> child engagement->child achievement

28
Q

General intelligence

A

Cognitive processes that influence the ability to think and learn on all intellectual tasks.

29
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Involves the ability to think on the spot

- working memory functioning, speed of information processing, ability to control attention.

30
Q

Betekenis crystallized intelligence

A

Is factual knowledge about the world: hoofdsteden, long term memory for prior experiences and is closely related to verbal ability.

31
Q

Primary mental abilities

A 
Word fluency 
Verbal meaning 
Reasoning 
Spatial visualization
Numbering 
Rote memory 
Perceptual speed
32
Q

Multiple intelligence theory

A

Gardners theory of intellect, based on the view that people possess at least eight types of intelligence

33
Q

Theory of successful intelligence

A

Sternberg theory of intellect, based on the view that intelligence is the ability to achieve success in life.

the analytical, the practical, and the creative skills.

34
Q

Phonemic awareness

A

Mogelijkheid om componentgeluiden in woorden te identificeren

35
Q

Phonological recoding skills

A

Mogelijkheid om letters in klanken te vertalen en klanken in woorden te vermengen

36
Q

Visually based retrieval

A

Rechtstreeks van de visuele vorm van een woord naar zijn betekenis gaan

37
Q

Strategy choice process

A

Procedure voor het selecteren van alternatieve manieren om een probleem op te lossen (vanaf groep 3)

38
Q

Mental model

A

Cognitieve processen gebruiken om een situatie of opeenvolging van gebeurtenissen weer te geven.

39
Q

Comprehension monitoring

A

Proces van het bijhouden van iemands begrip van een verbale beschrijving of tekst.

Helpt goede en slechte lezers te onderscheiden.

40
Q

Numerical magnitude representation

A

Mental models do the sizes of numbers, ordered along a less-to-more dimension

41
Q

Kinderen met een grotere fonemische gewaardwording

A

Is gecorreleerd met de leesprestaties op latere leeftijd. Voorspeller van IQ

42
Q

Which to areas in the brain are less active

DYSLEXIA

A
  • one area is involved in discriminating between phonemes

- other in integrating visual and auditory information

43
Q

Interventions dyslexia

A

Increasing vocabulary

Teaching them general knowledge about the world

44
Q

script:

A

een opeenvolging van acties die worden gebruikt om herhaalde gebeurtenissen te organiseren en te interpreteren (zoals eten in een restaurant en het schrijven van een rapport)

45
Q

Arithmetic equality

A

Values of one side of a sum must be equal to the other side of a sum by means of the = sign

46
Q

Gesture discrepancy

A

Gebaren die kinderen maken, drukken een ander idee uit dan hun verbale verklaring

47
Q

Influence IQ scores

A
  • alertness
  • knowledge of the test
  • environmental factors
48
Q

The correlation between individual alleles of genes and IQ are very small

A

Which shows that genetic influences on intelligence consist of all small contributions form many different genes and interactions between these genes.

49
Q

HOME

A

Home measurement correlate positively with IQ scores

50
Q

Environmental risk scale

A

Measures ten characteristics giving children a riks for a low IQ scores. The more characteristics are present, the more risk a child runs.

Risk of poverty-> can be compensated by a high quality education.n

51
Q

Carlonina Abcedrarian Project

A
  • Start early with intervention (6 month old)
  • Caregivers must communicate in a positive and responsive manner with children

-> improvements due to self control and doorzettingsvermogen

52
Q

Simple view of reading

Reading is determined by

A

The ability van ontcijferen and understanding of oral language
->Predictor of text comprehension

Brain, Development And Behavior (11 decks)

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