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Brain, Development And Behavior > Media Children > Flashcards

Media Children Flashcards

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1
Q

MDH Moderate Discrepancy Hypothesis

A
  • Children are attracted to entertainment dat een beetje afwijkt van wat de denken, begrijpen en kunnen. Als het te veel afwijkt dat zijn ze hier niet meer in geïnteresseerd
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2
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

Infants and toddlers

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3
Q

Visual development Sensorimotor stage

A
  • blurred
    Difficult to fixate on slow moving object s
  • Preference for faces with big eyes
  • See colors -> bright colors with high contrast
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4
Q

Auditory skills Sensorimotor stage

A
  • Like to hear human speech-> exaggerated tones, singsong
  • Like to hear music
  • About 4 months they have the ability to locate sounds
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5
Q

Sensorimotor stage and MEDIA

A
  • Contrast
  • Bright colors
  • Human faces with big eyes
  • Sounds, like baby talk, songs and funny noises
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6
Q

Emotional development sensorimotor stage

A
  • Newborns can produce facial expression for intrest, distress, disgust, sadness, anger, and surprise
  • Emotional regulation is limited
  • Around 4 months the sociale smile emerges
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7
Q

Cognitive development sensorimotor stage

ATTENTION ^

A
  • First year: attention is influenced by orienting reflex such as sudden and sounds and movements
  • 1-2 years: attention is less influenced by novelty more by what is interesting and relevant
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8
Q

Cognitive development sensorimotor stage

Language

A

12 months= first words ( learn 2-3 words per week)
15-20 months= vocabulary spurt (20 word per week)
- verbal labelling important for language development

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9
Q

Cognitive development sensorimotor stage

Object permanence

A

Around 8 months of age

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10
Q

Schema

A

Mental template of knowledge about objects, people and situation
Help organize information and predict the outcome of situations

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11
Q

Schema linking to media preference

A
  • shift in preference form salient (color, sounds) to non salient (content) features
  • Story line is not necessary
  • Slow space, lots of repetition
  • Verbal labelling
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12
Q

Video deficit hypothesis

A

Children under the age of two learn vocabulary, imitate actions and find hidden objects more effectively from real life models than when the same content is presented via television or video
- 2D to 3D transformation

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13
Q

Preoperational stage

A

Beginning of symbolic understanding however no concrete logic

Egocentrisme
Reversibility
Perceptual boundedness
Centration

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14
Q

Egocentrism and media

Preoperational

A

The inability to separate own perspective from others

-> use only one perspective in media

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15
Q

Reversibility and media

Preoperational

A

Trouble with understanding transformation

-> no transformation in media

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16
Q

Perceptual boundedness and centration

Preoperational

A

Perceptual boundedness: appearance over behavior -> in media if a character is nice they must look nice
Centration: focusing on one striking feature, centration decreases with repetition-> children love repetition

17
Q

Information processing capacities

Preoperational

A
  • shifts form stimulus driven info-processing to schema- driven
    4 years, script development-> organized set of schema
    Semantic memory (grass is green)
18
Q

Imaganition

Preopartional

A

Development of imagination
2 years: symbolic play-> banana is a telephone
4-5 years: elaborating play-> i am a superhero
In media they cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality

19
Q

Imagination and media

A

Cartoon characters are just as ral as real life characters, they enjoy them very much
- special effects and stunts are very impressive, the seem magical

20
Q

Emotional development

Preoperational stage

A

Learn more emotions, and understand were emotions come from

They need external cues to interpret emotions

21
Q

Emotions to media

A

2-5 years are interested in emotions

But they need perceptual cues to understand them

22
Q

Delaying gratification

A

Capacity to wait before performing a tempting activity or attains some highly desired outcome
Onder the age of 5 this is difficult, they cannot use strategies to delay gratification

23
Q

Delayed gratification and media

A

Adverting is hard for kids to resist
- perceptual boundedness and centration combined with delay gratification makes advertising and entertainment with temptation have higher impact on younger kids

24
Q

Gender and preopartional stage

A

18 months: prefer toys
2 years: boys prefer cars, girls prefer dolls
3 years: kids avoid toys that are perceived to belong to the opposite sex
5-8 years: rigid gender-specific preferences

25
Q

Gender stereotypes theories

A
  • hormones and genes determine our preference
  • Social learning theory (boys get other attention)
  • Kids get gender schemas
26
Q

Early elementary schoolchildren

5-7 years

A

Transition period: from Preoperational phase to concrete operational stage

  • children have acquired may scripts
  • Attention span increases
  • Centration decreases
27
Q

Early emelentary schoolchildren changes

A

Fantasy-reality distinction improves

Gender-role awareness becomes very strong and rigid

28
Q

Early elemtary schoolchildren and MEDIA

A
  • Amoutn of media use increases, due to increased attention
  • Decreased preference for simple characters, slow paces educations programs (spinach syndrome)
  • Increased preference for action and adventure and violence
  • Link dor binary characters (super feminime super masculine)
29
Q

Why do children preference action packed media

A
  1. Increase in cognitive processing abilities
  2. Rebellion against restrictions -> wishful identification with superheroes
  3. Importance of peers and friends
30
Q

Media use also influences development

A
  • school readiness
31
Q

Strong predictors of media preference are

A

Cognitive development

Social development

32
Q

Reactive model of television viewing

A

Striking program features ( sound, rapid action and quick changes of scenery) influenced how closely children paired attention to educational broadcast.

Received lot of criticism

33
Q

Intrest in tablets

A

Begins at three and five moths of age

  • screen is high contrast
  • baby apps (colorful, sounds)
  • gives the toddler instant feedback (magical effect)
34
Q

Video deficit

A

Children learn better form a real life model than from a model on a screen.

35
Q

Both age groups still like

A

Sudden movement bevries it stimuluates the orienting reflex

Brain, Development And Behavior (11 decks)

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