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Brain, Development And Behavior > Brain Development > Flashcards

Brain Development Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Neurons

A

Cells that specialize in sending and receiving information between the brain and all other body parts.

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2
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Exchange information from the sensors receptors of the environment or within the body itself.

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3
Q

Motor neurons

A

Exchange info between the brain and the muscles and limbs.

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4
Q

Inter-neurons

A

Exchange information between sensory neurons and motor neurons.

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5
Q

Neuron consist of

A

Body
Dendrites
Axon

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6
Q

Cell body

A

Nucleus of the neuron, which keeps the neuron working.

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7
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive info from other neurons through the synapse and transmit them to the cell body.

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8
Q

Axon

A

Transmits info from the cell body to other neurons via synapses

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9
Q

Glial cells

A

Fulfill sorts of supportive functions. They ensure the formation of a myelin sheath around axons.

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10
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Is a greasy sheath that increases the speed and efficiency of information exchange.

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11
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Gray matter, part of the brain.

  • takes up 80% of the brain
  • the large areas are called the lobes
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12
Q

Lobes

A

Characterized by the general categories of behavior that each lobe specializes in.

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13
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Important for processing visual info

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14
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Memory, visual recognition, auditory information and the processing of emotions.

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15
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Specialized in non-verbal processing, sensory input integration and info about emotions.

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16
Q

Frontal lobe.

A

For planning ahead and organizing behavior

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17
Q

Cerebral hemispheres

A

The two halves of the cortex

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18
Q

Info in the cortex

A

Information coming in from the right side of the body is processed in the left hemisphere

19
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Helps the two brain halves communicate

20
Q

Neurogenisis

A

Proliferation of neurons by cell division.

21
Q

Aborization

A

Enormous increase in the size and complexities of the densities through growth, branching and the formation of spines.

22
Q

Spines

A

Increase the capacity to form connections with other neurons.

23
Q

Electroencephalography

A

Technique that measures the electrical activity generated by neurons using electrons on the skull.

24
Q

Event- related potentials

A

Changes in electrical activity that arise from the presentation of a particular stimulus.

25
Q

Magnetoencephalography

A

Detect magnetic field generated by electrical currents in the brain.

26
Q

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

A

Technique in which fluctuations in cerebral blood flows are measured by means of an electromagnet, which is used to measure activity in brain areas.

27
Q

Positron emission tomography

A

Measures brain activity by detecting metabolic processes

28
Q

Near-infrared spectroscopy

A

Optical imaging technique in which metabolic changes are observed that lead to different absorption of infrared light.

29
Q

Plasticity

A

Capacity of the brain that will be influences by experiences.

30
Q

Experience- expectancy-plasticity

A

Process in which the brain forms as a result of contemporary experience in a normal environment.

31
Q

Experience- dependent plasticity

A

Process in which neural connections are made and reorganizes as a result of individual experiences.

32
Q

The environmental factors mainly influence

A

Secular trends, in which change in physical development in length over the years

33
Q

Failure to thrive

A

Conditions in which babies become malnourished and do not grow or gain weight without a clear media al reason.

34
Q

Excitatory transmitters

A

Increase de kans op doorgeven van neuronen

35
Q

Inhibitory transmitters

A

Zorgen ervoor dat het signaal niet wordt doorgegeven

36
Q

Synthesis de transmitters

A

Dieet dat de aanmaak van serotonine verhoogd

37
Q

Presynaptic receptoren

A

Block the reuptake from serotonine, waardoor het langer in het lichaam actief blijft

38
Q

Postsynaptic receptors

A

De serotonine bereiken niet het tweede neuron, waardoor het minder snel vergaat.

39
Q

MAO blockers

A

Mao breekt serotonine af, de blokkers zorgen ervoor dat er minder MAO is en waardoor er minder serotonine wordt afgebroken.

40
Q

Hindbrain

A

Brain stem and cerebellum

41
Q

Midbrain

A

Brain stem

42
Q

Forebrain

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, libris system and cerebral cortex

43
Q

Synaptogenesis

A

The process by which neurons from synapses with other neurons, resulting in trillions of connections.

Brain, Development And Behavior (11 decks)

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