Motivation Flashcards
Motivation
a need or desire that ENERGIZES the behavior and DIRECTS it towards a goal
Instinct Theory
Instincts are complex behaviors that havr fixed patterns throughout different species and are not learned
Drive reduction Theory
When the instinct theory of motivation failed, it was replaced by the drive-reduction theory
- a psychological need creates an aroused tension state (and drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Need ( food, water) –> drive (hunger, thirst) –> drive reducing behaviors
(eating, drinking)
Drive Reduction
the physiological aim of drive reducation is HOMEOSTASIS, the maintenance of a steady internal state
Incentive
Where our needs push, INCENTIVES (POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE STIMULI) pull us in reducing our drives
*EX a person who smells baking bread (incentive) may feel a hunger drive)
Higher Order Needs
Henry Murray
“higher order” needs: not phyysiologically based
*EX need for affiliation
need for achievement, etc
The Need to Belong
(man) is a social animal - artisotle
Separation from others increases our need to belong
Aiding survival
social bonds boosted our ancestors’ survival rates. These bonds led to the following;
- Protecting against predators, especially for the young
- Procurring food
*reproducing the next offspring
Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow (1970) suggested that certain needs have priority over others. Physiological needs like breathing, thirst, and hunger come before psychological needs such as, achievement, self esteem, and the need for recognition
Self-Determination Theory
psychological theory that explains human motivation, personality, and development
Basic Needs (self-determination theory)
*Autonomy: The need to feel in control of one’s choices and actions
*Competence: The need to feel effective and in control of one’s activities
*Relatedness: The need to feel connected to and cared for by others
Motivation (Instrinic vs Extrinsic)
*Autonomous: when a person chooses their behavior, and is motivated by internal sources or by extrinsi
* Controlled self-regulation:hen a person is motivated by external rewards or fear of punishment, or by an internal or external sense of compulsion. People who are controlled may feel pressure to behave in a certain way, and may experience little to no autonomy.
What undermines the overjustification effect?
Excessive Controlling
Autonomy support =
increased autonomous motivation
