CH 3

Question 1

Etiology

Answer 1

causal pattern of abnormal behavior ( ALL ABOUT CAUSES)

Question 2

Necessary cause

Answer 2

characteristic (X) that must exist for a disorder (Y) to occur

Question 3

Sufficient cause

Answer 3

condition that guarantees the occurrence of a disorder; if X occurs, then Y will also occur

Question 4

Contributory cause

Answer 4

: increases the probability of a disorder developing but is neither necessary nor sufficient for the disorder to occur

Question 5

Diathesis-stress models

Answer 5

: describe mental disorders that develop when someone with a preexisting vulnerability for the disorder experiences a major stressor

Question 6

Diathesis

Answer 6

: vulnerability; a predisposition toward developing a disorder that can derive from biological, psychological, or sociocultural causal factors

**Results from one or more relatively distal necessary or contributory causes but is generally not sufficient to cause the disorder

Question 7

Stress

Answer 7

: response of individual to taxing demands

Question 8

Correlate:

Answer 8

a variable (X) that is associated with an outcome of interest (Y)

Question 9

Risk factor

Answer 9

a factor or characteristic that is associated with an increased risk of developing condition Y

Question 10

Variable risk factors:

Answer 10

risk factors that can be changed

Question 10

Fixed markers:

Answer 10

risk factors that cannot be changed

Question 10

Variable marker:

Answer 10

if changing X does not lead to a change in Y, X is a variable marker of Y

Question 10

Causal risk factor

Answer 10

: if changing X does lead to a change in Y, X may be a causal risk factor for Y

Question 10

Distal risk factors

Answer 10

occur early in life but dont show effects for many years

Question 10

Proximal

Answer 10

Shortly before occurence of symptoms

Question 11

Reinforcing contributory cause

Answer 11

condition that reinforces/maintains maladaptive behvaior that is alr occuring

Question 12

Risk factors and causes of abnormal behavior

Answer 12

Diathesis Stress Models: describe mental disorders that develop when a preexisitng vulnerability for the disorder experiences a major stressor

Diathesis: vulnerability, a predispotion toward developing a disorder that can derive from biological, psychological, or sociocultural causal factors

Stress: Response of individual to taxing demands

Question 13

Developmental psychopathology

Answer 13

concentrates on determining what is abnormal at any point in development, by comparing and contrasting it with the normal and expected changes that occur in the course of development

Question 14

Perspectives to Understanding the Causes of Abnormal Behavior

Answer 14

Several competing explanations are often offered for the same behavior

Biological, psychological, and sociocultural perspectives are three examples

Biopsychosocial viewpoint acknowledges that biological, psychological, and social factors all interact and play a role in psychopathology and treatment

Cultural context in which each of these factors plays out also influences how we think about behavior, both normal and abnormal

Question 15

Genes (genetic vulnerability)

Answer 15

very long molecules of D N A present at various locations on chromosomes

Question 16

Chromosomes (Genetic Vulnerabilty)

Answer 16

the chain-like structures within a cell nucleus that contain the genes
(Every 1 has 23 paris of chromosomes (46 in total)

Abnormalities in the structure or number of chromosomes can be associated with major defects or disorders