ch 2

Question 1

Philippe Pinel (1745–1826): French physician

Answer 1

In 1792, removed chains from mental patients with positive results—showed benefit of treating them as sick people, not beasts or criminals

Question 2

William Tuke (1732–1822): English Quaker

Answer 2

Established York Retreat country house for patients with mental illness
Inspired Samuel Hitch to introduce trained medical staff at asylum
Inspired Thomas Wakley to help pass the Lunacy Inquiry Act: asylums had to be inspected regularly to ensure proper diet, no use of restraints

Question 3

Benjamin Rush (1745–1813): f

Answer 3

Wrote the United States’s first systematic treatise on psychiatry, Medical Inquiries and Observations upon Diseases of the Mind
First American to organize a course in psychiatry

Question 4

Dorothea Dix (1802–1887): a New Englander who championed the poor and “forgotten” people of prisons and other facilities for the mentally ill
Inspired by the terrible conditions she witnessed, campaigned for the humane treatment of mental patients
Efforts led to the mental hygiene movement advocating treatment focused on hospitalized patients’ physical well-being
Raised funds for and established 32 mental hospitals

Answer 4

Dorothea Dix (1802–1887): a New Englander who championed the poor and “forgotten” people of prisons and other facilities for the mentally ill
Inspired by the terrible conditions she witnessed, campaigned for the humane treatment of mental patients

Question 5

Sigmund Freud (1856–1939): most frequently cited psychological theorist of the 20th century

Answer 5

Took first major steps toward understanding psychological factors in mental disorders
Created a comprehensive theory of psychopathology that emphasizes the inner dynamics of unconscious motives (psychodynamics): the psychoanalytic perspective
Psychoanalysis: methods he used to study and treat patients—have their ancestral roots in the study and use of hypnosis

Question 6

1879: Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental psychology lab at the University of Leipzig
Wundt’s student J. McKeen Cattell brought his methods to the U.S.
Influenced William James and G. Stanley Hall
1896: Lightner Witmer established the first American psychological clinic (at University of Pennsylvania)
1909: William Healy established the Chicago Juvenile

Answer 6

1879: Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental psychology lab at the University of Leipzig
Wundt’s student J. McKeen Cattell brought his methods to the U.S.
Influenced William James and G. Stanley Hall
1896: Lightner Witmer established the first American psychological clinic (at University of Pennsylvania)
1909: William Healy established the Chicago Juvenile