C5 Sensation & Perception

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

The process of selecting, organizing and interpeting sensory info _> enables us to recognize meaningful object/events
(The brains further processing of sensory info-> results in conscious experiences of the world)

Question 2

Sensation

Answer 2

the detection of physical stimuli form the world around you / sending that info to your brain

Question 3

How do lightwaves get changed into info our brain can process?

Answer 3

special cells in out eyes respond to these different wavelegnths and change that physical signal into info that the brain can interpret

Question 4

transduction

Answer 4

the sensory receptors change the stimulus input to signals the brain can understand

Question 5

sensory receptors

Answer 5

sensory organs that detect physical stimulation from the external world and change that stimulation into info that can be processed in the brain

Question 6

absolute threshold

Answer 6

the minimum amount of physical stimuli required before you detect the sensory input. ( the point of stimulus intensity that a person can correctly detect HALF the time)

Question 7

difference threshold

Answer 7

the minimum amount of change in stimulus a person can notice 50% of the time. Also known as the just noticeable difference (JND), this threshold applies to all five senses. For example, the difference threshold for sound is the smallest change in volume a person can hear.

Question 8

sensory adaptation

Answer 8

a decrease in sensitivity to a CONSTANT level of stimulation

Question 9

light in the eye (ALL PARTS)
Cornea, Pupil, Iris, lens, Retina, Rods & Cones

Answer 9

Light enters your eyes in form of waves –> waves pass through the CORNEA (the thick transparent outerlayer of the eye) –>The light then passes through the PUPIL (gives eyes their color and controls the pupil’s size to determine how much light goes through) behind the IRIS, muscles change the shape of the lens (if you look @ something far, your lenses flatten vise versa if its close up) —> focuses light on the RETINA ( the inner surface of the back of the eye that contains RODS AND CONES) —> these RODS AND CONES allow sensation of the light waves and are the sensory receptors in the eye. KEEP IN MIND: RODS AND CONES ALSO TRANSDUCE LIGHTWAVES INTO SIGNALS

Question 10

Rods and cones (actual defintion)

Answer 10

Rods: respond best to LOW levels of illumination, does not support color vision or seeing fine detail

Cones: respond best to HIGHER levels of illumination, is responsible for seeing color and fine details

Question 11

Trichomatic theory

Answer 11

3 types of cone receptors in the RETINA are responsible for us seeing in color

S-cones: most sensitive to SHORT WAVELENGTHS —> SEE BLUE
M-cones: most sensitive to MEDIUM WAVELENGTHS —> SEE GREEN
L-cones: most sensitive to LONG WAVELENGTHS —> SEE RED

YELLOW IS A MIXTURE OF LONG AND MEDIUM CONES

Question 12

opponent process theory

Answer 12

the mind can only register the presence of one color of a pair at a time bc the two colors oppose eachother

Question 13

grouping

Answer 13

the system must determine what parts if the image “go-together”

Question 14

selective attention

Answer 14

perception about objects change from moment to moment.

Question 15

peceptiive illusions

Question 16

perceptual organization

Answer 16

how do we form meaningful perceptions from sensory info?
WE ORGANIZE IT!

Question 17

perceptual set

Answer 17

describes how people interpret and organize sensory information based on their expectations, beliefs, and past experience

Question 18

Bottom up processing

Answer 18

Processing based on info about BASIC stimulis properties

properties of the stimulus in the world
(Physical features)

Question 19

Top down processing

Answer 19

processing based on info in beain, top of body
Knowledge, personal expieriences, expectations

Question 20

Figure-ground perception

Answer 20

a human’s ability to visually differentiate between an object and its background

Question 21

Gesalt Perception

Answer 21

the study of perception and behavior that emphasizes the importance of processing patterns and configurations as a whole, instead of breaking them down into individual components.

Question 22

Schema

Answer 22

a mental framework that helps people organize and interpret information, and to guide their behavior and cognitive processe
*EX A child might develop a schema for a dog that includes the idea that dogs have four legs, are hairy, and have tails. When a child sees a tiger for the first time, they might think it’s a dog because it fits their schema

Question 23

Pain (Gate Control Theory)

Answer 23

psychological theory that explains how pain is perceived through the interaction of the mind and body
spinal nerves act as gates to let pain travel through to reach the brain — or close these gates and prevent pain messages from getting through at all.

Question 24

signal-detection theory

Answer 24

SDT states that the ability to detect a stimulus depends on both the stimulus’s intensity and the person’s physical and psychological state
*EX signal can be a doorbell ringing, an odor, or a blip on a radar screen. *

Question 25

Latent- Learning

Answer 25

a type of learning that occurs without an immediate response, and is not obvious until there is motivation to use it. The word “latent” means hidden or underlying.
*Ex using a fork for the first time,
or when a child regularly rides in the car with their parent, seemingly not paying attention to how their parent drives, but then is able to confidently navigate a car themselves once they get their driver’s license