Motivation Flashcards
McMullen motivation theory
- ## Believed that employees have dominant needs
3 needs of Mcmellend theory
Achievement
Affiliation
Power
Achievement
Strong need to set and accomplish challenging goals, takes risks & wants regular feedback
Affiliation
Wants to belong to a group, wants to be liked and go along with the group, favours collaboration over competition.
power
Wants to control & influence, enjoys competition and winning, enjoys recognition
affiliation meaning
not wanting to stand out in a crowd, wants to fit in with the group.
how will identify the needs of an employee help to manage them?
- they will know situations that an employee will work best in.
- they will know how to accurately praise them to continue motivation.
- will motivate employees as they will be able to complete tasks they enjoy either individually or as a group.
Herzburg theory
- Two factor theory
- The two factors are hygiene & motivating
Hygiene factors
- pay
- working conditions
- policies
Herzburg believed that the absence of these caused dissatisfaction, but employees aren’t motivated by them
Motivating factors
- job enrichment
- recognition
- praise
- Rewarding work
- empowerment
Limitations of Herzberg
The two-factor theory overlooks situational variables.
Herzberg assumed a correlation between satisfaction and productivity. …
The theory’s reliability is uncertain. …
No comprehensive measure of satisfaction was used.
Job enrichment
- wider variety of tasks
- greater complexity and challenge
- manage own workload
- greater sense of achievement
Empowerment
- more responsibility & more empowerment
- allow employees to make decisions independently
- less supervision
- demonstrates trust
Maslow theory
A theory that shows a triangle of the hierarchy of needs, where the bottom one needs to be completed first. From top to bottom the triangle represents:
1 self-actualisation
2 esteem
3 social
4 safety
5 physiological
Self actualisation (1 top)
Personal growth and the achievement of full potential as a human
E.g. training, special projects, freedom to innovate.
Esteem (2)
Having the respect of others, recognition of effort as well as a degree of status.
E.g. praise, perks, bonuses, celebrations, promotion.
Social (3)
Having friendships and positive relationships with others.
E.g. socialising after work, sports, activities
Safety (4)
After physiological needs they will seek security, stability and protection.
E.g. swipe cards & codes, cameras, receptionist, health benefits.
Physiological needs (5 Bottom)
The need for food, water and shelter.
E.g. good pay check, snack bowl, free lunch, vending machine
Why is the Maslow theory shown as a triangle?
The lower needs need to be met first in order to meet the rest of them. Lower in the triangle has higher priority to be complete first.
How might Maslow’s theory be used to managers/leaders to motivate their employees
They will see at what stage the employee is on the triangle and then from there they will see what stage of the triangle they will need to develop/improve the employees needs
Limitations of the Maslow theory
- some employees may not require their higher order needs to be met in work
- it would be a challenge for businessses to identify and meet the needs of every employee
- needs may not be hierarchal for some employees. For example social. Needs may be as important as security needs.
How can a manager motivate an employee driven by power needs?
A manager can motivate a employee driven by power needs greater responsibility, this could be by giving them a higher responsibility than they otherwise would have e.g. looking after subordinates or doing more important jobs
Corrections: this will train & mentor them to become the next managers / leaders.
How can a manager motivate an employee with affiliation needs?
A manager could motivate a employee by giving them tasks that everyone does so that they do not feel left out. In addition they could not ask them to do out doing things as to not to put them out of their comfort zone, furthermore leading to higher motivation as they are not wanting to stand out in a crowd, as they want to fit in with the group.
How can a manager motivate high achievers?
The manager could constantly praising them for the work that they are doing, as well as setting them out going tasks that they would not usually get if they weren’t high achievers. Furthermore they could set them more challenging tasks that for example the people with affiliation needs wouldn’t want to be set
What does McClelland’s theory assume which may not be correct for all employees?
it overlooks some of an employee’s more basic needs. This includes things like the need for shelter, food or safety.
Why might meeting one employee’s needs have a negative impact on the rest of the team?
The employee may be the only one that has those needs, therefore meaning that the needs of the other employees are overlooked. This may cause other employees to feel as if they aren’t cared for because the management only cares about that one or small group of employees
Drucker’s Graph (Management by Objectives)
