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NBDE PART 1 MICRO/PATH > Mosby's Micro/Path Bacteria > Flashcards

Mosby's Micro/Path Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Streptococcus are gram +. how do they use oxygen

A

facultative anaerobes (catalase/SOD/fermentation/respiration)

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2
Q

What is the hemolytic classification for streptococcus

A

both alpha and beta hemolytic kinds

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3
Q
  1. ___ hemolytic means incomplete lysis of red blood cells = appears in __ zone
  2. ___ hemolytic means complete lysis of red blood cells = appears in __ zone
  3. __ hemolytic - do NOT lyse red blood cells
A
  1. alpha = green zone
  2. beta = complete = clear
  3. gamma
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4
Q

S. viridans, S. mutans, S. sanguis, S. salivarius are alpha or beta hemolytic

A

alpha (green)

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5
Q

the bacteria that cause SUBACUTE ENDOCARDITIS

A

ALPHA hemolytic strep: ex Strep viridans, s. sanguis, s.mutans, s.salivarius

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6
Q

Beta hemolytic streptococcus are further divided into the Lancefield groups _-__

A

A thru U

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7
Q

Beta hemolytic bacteria include Strep

A

pyogenes

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8
Q

Alpha/beta/gamma hemolytic strep:

Strep viridans

A

alpha -subacute endocarditis

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9
Q

Alpha/beta/gamma hemolytic strep:

strep mutans

A

Alpha-

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10
Q

Alpha/beta/gamma hemolytic strep:

strep salivarius

A

alpha-

incomplete lysis green

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11
Q

Alpha/beta/gamma hemolytic strep:

strep sanguis

A

alpha -

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12
Q

Alpha/beta/gamma hemolytic strep:

strep pyogenes

A

beta (complete lysis = clear)

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13
Q

which strep has a virulence factor M protein

A 
strep pyogenes
Beta hemolytic (clear, complete lysis)
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14
Q

Lipid A found on

A

LPS

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15
Q

M protein found on

A

strep pyogenes

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16
Q

Strep pyogenes mneumonic?

A

B - SMASHEED (virulence factors) NIPPLESS G (diseases)
B = beta hemolytic
1.Streptolysins O/S: hemolysin causes lysis of red and white blood cells
2. M protein
3. Anti-C5a peptidase
4. Streptokinase (fibrinolysin) - dissolves fibrin (blood clots) by cleaving plasminogen = increase levels of plasmin.
5. Hyaluronidase = spreading factor that breaks down hyaluronic acid, bacteria can spread easier
6. Exotoxin A- causes necrotizing fasciitis by destroying tissue
6. Erythrogenic toxin -scarlet fever rash
7. DNA-se cleave DNA

17
Q

strep pygogenes diseases?

A 
NIPPLESS G
Necrotizing fasciitis and myositis
imptetigo
pharyngitis (strep throat)
pneumonia
lymphangitis
erysipelas and cellulits
scarlet fever/rheumatic fever
strep TSS
Glomerulonephritis
18
Q

The rash is the most striking sign of ___. It usually begins looking like a bad sunburn with tiny bumps and it may itch. The rash usually appears first on the neck and face, often leaving a clear unaffected area around the mouth. It spreads to the chest and back, then to the rest of the body. In body creases, especially around the underarms and elbows, the rash forms classic red streaks. Areas of rash usually turn white when you press on them. By the sixth day of the infection the rash usually fades, but the affected skin may begin to peel.

A

scarlet fever = strep = is an infectious disease which most commonly affects 4–8-year-old children

19
Q

strawberry tongue =

A

scarlet fever

20
Q

This strep is an alpha hemolytic (incomplete lysis = green) and causes endocarditis and caries

A

Strep viridans

21
Q

Strep pneumoniae

  1. hemolytic class
  2. virulent factors
  3. diseases it causes
A
  1. alpha = A in the mneumonic
  2. polysac Capsule (prevent phagocytosis)
    Pneumolysin = cytolytic toxin
    IgA protease- hydrolyzes IgA to aid colonization in respiratory mucosa
  3. pneumonia = the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia
    meningitis
    otitis media - the most common cause in infants older than 2 months (ear infection)

Strep Pneumoniae “A PIC MOP”

22
Q

Strep Pyogenes =
Strep Pneumoniae =
Staph Aureus -
MNEMONICS

A

Strep Pyogenes = B SMASHEED NIPPLESS G
Strep Pneumoniae = A PIC MOP
Staph Aureus - SOFT PAINS (disease it causes) B PAC SHEET

23
Q

__ are the most common bacteria in the mouth

A

Streptococci

24
Q

Strep are cariogenic bacteria because they

  1. lower the pH by producing ___ = promote demineralization of enamel which begins b/w what pH?
  2. they provide a structural component for plaque by producing ___.
A
  1. pH 1-5 by producing lactic acid

2. dextrans

25
Q

strep surfaces contain what enzyme that sucrose to from glucose (dextrans) and fructose/fructans?

A

glucosyl transferase

26
Q

strep provide food for bacterial growth by their production of

A

fructans (levans) from fructose

27
Q

which strep is the most cariogenic

why?

A

strep mutans

b/c it has a polysaccharide glycocalyx coating that allows it to stick to surfaces

28
Q
  1. ___ Strep is the most commonly found in the mouth

2. _____ strep is the most cariogenic

A
  1. strep sanguis

2. strep mutans

29
Q

___ are commonly present in Ludwig’s angina

A

streptococcus

30
Q

staphylococcus aureus is gram + grape like clusters that are a part of our __ flora

A

skin and mucous membrane flora

31
Q

Staph aureus causes suppurative or ___ forming infections mostly in the form of

A

pus forming, abscesses

32
Q

Virulence factors of staph aureus

A

B PaC SHEET

B-lactaminase (penicillinase, Beta hemolysin)

Protein A- in cell wall. inhibits complement fixation by binding to the Fc portion of IgG - decreased phagocytosis and opsonization. Can also elicit hypersensitivity rxn = damage platelets

Coagulase = clots blood (s. aureus)

staphylokinase (fibrinolysin) dissolves blood clots by cleaving plasminogen to increase levels of plasmin

hyaluronidase

enterotoxin - food poisoning (diarrhea, vomiting)

exfoliatin - causes scaled skin syndrome = exfoliative dermatitis in children

toxic shock syndrome toxin

NBDE PART 1 MICRO/PATH (20 decks)

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