Infections, Heart Disorders, Immunology Flashcards
most common VIRAL cause of pericarditis
coxsackie B virus and echovirus
Primary pericarditis (pericardial sac contains 50mL of pericardial fluid, lubricates the heart, barrier to spread of infection, prevents deformation and dislocation of heart) is almost of viral/bacterial origin
VIRAL
name the infectious viruses that can cause pericarditis
HIV, herpes, echovirus, coxsackievirus, mumps
name the pyogenic bacteria that can cause pericarditis
staph, strep, pneumococcus, meningococcus, haemophilus, influenza, mycoplasmosis, borreliosis, chlamydia, tuberculosis
fungi that can cause pericarditis
histoplasmosis, coccidiodomycosis
cardiac tamponade
type of pericardial effusion in which fluid accumulates in the pericardium.
the most serious complication of pericarditis is
cardiac tamponade
Beck’s triad (decreased BP, muffled heart sounds, bulging or distension of the veins in the neck) are signs of
cardiac tamponade
___ pericarditis = serious, pericardium becomes thickened and so scarred it loses elasticity, compresses the heart so it cant pulp well, reduces amount of blood pumped to body.
Constrictive
symptoms of ___ = chest pain, difficulty breathing, swelling of feet and ankles, fatigue and weakness
constrictive pericarditis
aortic dissection aka dissecting aneurysm = results in aortic rupture, most often into __ causing ___
pericardial sac = fatal cardiac tamponade
most common cause of right sided heart failure
left sided heart failure
in heart failure, which side and part usually fails first?
left ventricle
earliest and most common signs of heart failure
exertional dyspnea
and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (patient wakes up gasping for air)
other signs of CHF:
peripheral edema (swollen ankles), cyanosis, orthopnea (sitting or standing in order to breathe), high venous pressure
Patients with heart failure should be in ___ position during dental treatment to decrease collection of fluid in the lungs.
upright
When fully reclined they may experience difficulty breathing
unstable/stable angina - prolonged or recurrent chest pain at rest
unstable
___ occurs when the heart’s need for oxygen increases beyond what is delivered
angina
angina is the classic symptom of __ disease
coronary heart disease
___ angina - repeating pattern of chest pain which has not changed in character frequency intensity or duration for several weeks. level of activity or stress that provoke angina is predicatable and the pattern changes slowly.
stable
which kind of angina is the most common form
stable
stable angina is precipitated by exertion but can be relieved by
rest, vasodilators (ex. nitroglycerin)
_angina is variable, increasing in freq or intensity and with irregular timing or duration. it is PROLONGED OR RECURRENT PAIN AT REST.
unstable
unstable angina is often indicative of
myocardial infarction