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Pathology > morphologic diagnosis in inflammation > Flashcards

morphologic diagnosis in inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

what provides clues about the underlying cause

A

recognizing the gross and microscopic patterns

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2
Q

what is a morphological diagnosis

A

the way we describe and communicate about lesions

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3
Q

what are the important categories of words to include in your morphologic diagnosis

A

severity, time course, type of exudate, extent of the lesion, designation of the organ

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4
Q

mild

A

less than 30% of the organ is affected

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5
Q

moderate

A

30-60% of the organ is affected

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6
Q

severe

A

more than 60%

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7
Q

review time course designation

A

in previous lectures

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8
Q

serous inflammation is characterized by

A

outpouring of a translucent, thin fluid that may accumulate on a mucosal surface, skin, or in the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities

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9
Q

serous inflammation usually indicats

A

the insult is mild

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10
Q

what does serous exudate look like

A

clear to yellowish fluid that accujulates in a blister or a runny nose in hay fever

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11
Q

serous exudates are usually the result of

A

mild, transient irritation

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12
Q

serous exudate consists mostly of

A

serum (or plasma) but protein is high enough to make it an exudate

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13
Q

what is the significance of a serous exudate

A

may ust be the early phase of a more intense edudate and harbinger of a more serous problem

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14
Q

what is the outcome of a serous exudate

A

if it doesnt progress to something worse, the fluid is reabsorbed as the inflammation resolves; can progress to fibrinous or hemorrhagic exudate

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15
Q

when does fibrinous exudation occur

A

in more severe conditins that allow the escape of larger fibrinogen molecules from the vascular system

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16
Q

when fibrinogen reaches the tissue it is converted to

A

fibrin

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17
Q

prime locations inlude

A

entire respiratory tract, digestive tract, pleura, periotneum, and pericardium

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18
Q

surface with fibrinous exudate appearance

A

slightly roughened appearance; dull; granular; yellowish strands present that can be peeled off as fibrin increases

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19
Q

pseudomembrane

A

thick layering of fibrin that can be peeled away

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20
Q

diphtheric membrane

A

extensive necrosis of underlying areas so that the fibrin is tightly adhered to the tissue and cant be peeled away

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21
Q

fibrin cast

A

so much fibrin that it gushes out and forms a large accumulation mimicking the shape of a tubular organ

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22
Q

fibrin casts occur in

A

every single ntestinal infection (parvovirus, salmonelosis)

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23
Q

what does fibrin look like microscopically

A

appears as an eosinophilic meshwork of fine strands or as an amorphous dull slightly granular eosinophilic coagulum

24
Q

whatis the significance of fibrinous inflammation

A
  1. prevents excessive blood loss by hemostasis
  2. protects the underlying tissues from further irritation
  3. form a framework to allow leukocytes to migrate in and help and later to allow repair to occur
25
Q

what is the outcome of fibrinous inflammation if not too severe

A

may resolve without any sequelae; or fibroblasts eventually migrate in and begin organizing the exudate through the generation of fibrous connective tissue

26
Q

how can this be harmful?

A

fibrin-covered serosal surfaces may stick to each other (impede gut motility); impede heart or lungs movements

27
Q

as fibrinous inflammation begins it is refferred to as

A

organizing

28
Q

once fibrinous inflammation is fully organized it is referred to as

A

firbrous tissue

29
Q

ibrosis or fibrous tissue

A

is NOT a type of inflammation, it is growth on tnew cells and laying down collagen leading to rpeair

30
Q

fibrinous means

A

fibrin is present

31
Q

fibrous means

A

laying down of connective tissue (scarring)

32
Q

fibrin

A

(fibrinous) acute

33
Q

fibrous

A

(fibrosis) chronic

34
Q

catharrhal exudate

A

excessive mucus production; used in inflammation in organs where mucus is already being produced

35
Q

most often associated with mucosal surfaces of

A

intestinal, reproductive, upper respiratory tracts (places with goblet cells)

36
Q

catarrhal inflammation appearance

A

a thin gray-yellow blanket of excess mucus

37
Q

what does catharral inflammation look like microscopically

A

thicker than normal coat of mucus on the luminal surface; goblet cells may be more numerous

38
Q

purulent exudate

A

an accumulation of dead neutrophils

39
Q

neutrophils have enzymes that help ______ so the result is a homogenous mass f creamy pus

A

liquefy the surrounding tissue

40
Q

another term for purulent inflammation is

A

suppurative

41
Q

what does pyogenic bacteria mean

A

bacteria that produce pus

42
Q

pyogenic bacteria are strongly chemotactic for

A

neutrophils

43
Q

what bacterias are pyogenic bacteria

A

streptococcus, staphylococcus, truperella pyogenes

44
Q

if pus is present for a while and the inciting agent is removed, the pus becomes

A

dry or “inspissated”

45
Q

almost all cases of pus formation are due to

A

bacteria

46
Q

abscess

A

purulent inflammation is well circumscribed and surrounded by a fibrous wall or capsule

47
Q

how does purulent exudate appear microscopically

A

beaucoup neutrophils

48
Q

what is the significance of purulent inflammation

A

a prompt and violent reaction against irritants and pathogens; bacteria will be there or HAD been there in 99% of cases

49
Q

what are the outcomes of purulent inflammation

A

localized, purulent inflammation can break loose and spread to other areas. (septicemia is spread to blood)
resorption of pus if not spread: fever, and general signs of illness
formation of a fistulous tract to dishcarge to the outside
fibroblasts move in to organize this type of inflammation so there is eventually a scar

50
Q

abscess are usually formed in response to

A

a focal bacterial infection

51
Q

fibrous wall prevents

A

delivery of antibiotics to the site

52
Q

hemorrhagic exudate

A

holes in the blood vessels are large enough that everything comes out so that the appearance of the exudate is very much like clotted blood

53
Q

hemorrhagic exudate are usually mixed with

A

serum, fibrin, and leukocytes

54
Q

what is the significance of hemorrhagic inflammation

A

usually caused by highly virulent microorganisms or by acute poisoning by certain chemicals; arises quickly and is often fatal; massive damage to endothelium

55
Q

what is the outcome of hemorrhagic inflammation

A

often gaurded

56
Q

mixed exudates

A

more common

57
Q

granulomatous exudates

A

majority of cells are macrophages; done usually ooze so are more termed granulomatous inflammation;

Pathology (17 decks)

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