Exam 1: Immune Mediated Inflammation Flashcards
all immune responses are directed by
lymphocytes
hypersensitivity reactions
immune mediated reactions that damage noraml tissue
type 1 hypersensitivity is
immediate type hypersensitivity
type 1 reactions include
anaphylaxis, atopy, general reactions
Type 1 reaction is mediated by
productiono f IgE from plasma cells
IgE binds to
mast cells and basophil Fc receptors
after IgE binds to mast cells and basophils, these cells are now
sensitized to a given antigen
what are preformed in mast cell granules
histamine, heparin, and serotonin
histamine, heparin, and serotonin cause
vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
_____ are synthesized by mast cells de-novo at time of degranulation
arachidonic acid metabolites
vasoactive products include
leukotrienes and prostaglandins
know what are released (page 59)
x
what are examples of type I hypersensitivity
hay fever, urticaria, atopy, anaphylaxis
when does systemic anaphylaxis occur
when antigens are systemically distributed in a highly sensitized individual
principle mediators in anaphylaxis
histamine, leukotrienes, and PAF
anaphylaxis is characterized by
smooth muscle contraction in lungs and gut, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, hypotension, vasomotor collapse, and pooling of blood in shock organs
the most common pathological finding of anaphylaxis in most species are
pulmonary edema and emphysema, except for dogs, which the major shock organ is the liver, and severe hepatic congestion and visceral hemorrhage
milk allergy in jersy cattle
due to missed milking, milk proteins (alpha casein get into circulation act as antigens causing an allergic reaction= urticaria and sometimes life threatening anaphylaxis
allergies to vaccines and drugs
not uncommon
inhaled allergens cause
atopic dermatitis in dogs
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (heaves)
horses that inhale fungal allergens from dusty hay; lungs will be fluffy even after negative pressure interupted
warble fly larvae in cattle- hypoderma bovis
if pupae rupture
fly bite allergy
horses may also develop type I allergies to culicoides and simulium fly bites
type II hypersensitivity is also
cytotoxic hypersensitivity
what occurs in Type II
host cells are killed or lysed after reacting with antibody
type II depends on abnormal production of
IgG or IgM expressed against tissue antigens or a normal reaction to foreign antigens expressed on host cells
why is most of the type II hypersensitivity reactions are hematologic disorders
antibodies are usually directed against antigens present on the surface of red blood cells and platelets
