exam 1: chronic inflammation

Question 1

chronic inflammation is considered to be

Answer 1

inflammation of prolonged duration- weeks to months

Question 2

chronic inflammation is usually

Answer 2

productive or proliferate; cells in inflammatory response tend to add substances that produce new tissue (collagen, new blood vessels)

Question 3

chronic inflammation is characterized by

Answer 3

inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair all happening at once

Question 4

grossly, chronic inflamamtion does not have as much ____ as an acute reaction

Answer 4

rubor or calor

Question 5

exudate of chronic inflammation

Answer 5

not as grossly apparent; does not ooze; white or grayish (looks the same no matter what the cell type is)

Question 6

areas of chronic inflammation tend to be

Answer 6

slightly swollen and firm

Question 7

if fibrosis is extensive, the lesions can be

Answer 7

large and disfiguring

Question 8

what is the best indicator that the inflammatory response is chronic

Answer 8

fibrosis

Question 9

chronic inflammation arises in what settings

Answer 9

persistent infections
hypersensitivity diseases
prolonged exposure to potentially toxic agents

Question 10

examples of persistent infections include

Answer 10

mycobacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites

Question 11

prolonged exposure to potentially toxi agents include

Answer 11

exogenous (silica) or endogenous

Question 12

the only way to add exudative moniker is to see

Answer 12

histology

Question 13

all chronic inflammation contains

Answer 13

some cells, some fibroiss, and some neovascularization

Question 14

lymphohistoplasmacytic inflammation

Answer 14

mostly lymphocytes, plasma cells, with lesser numbers of macrophages (occurs mostly in viral infections) macrophages are not activatedepi

Question 15

granulomatous inflammation

Answer 15

cell types are almost all macrophages (fungal infections or mycobacterium)

Question 16

pyogranulomatous

Answer 16

granulomatous but within the macrophages are pockets of neutrophils (FIP)

Question 17

Granulomas

Answer 17

when inciting cause stimulates macrophages but the agents are distributed discretely within the organ (TB, fungal, foreign body); epitheliod macrophages that are organized or aggregated in closely packed collections; often a central core of caseous debris surrounded by macrophages encircled by a ring of lymphocytes and organizing fibroblasts

Question 18

epithelioid macrophages

Answer 18

develop abundant cytoplasma nd begin to resemble epithelial cells; activated

Question 19

multinucleate giant cells are unique to

Answer 19

granulomatous inflammation (sometimes called langhans cells)

Question 20

are multinucleate cells efficient?

Answer 20

poorly phagocytic

Question 21

in langhans type, nuclei are in

Answer 21

periphery

Question 22

in foreign body type, nuclei are in

Answer 22

center

Question 23

the dominant cells in most chronic inflammaotry reactions are

Answer 23

macrophages

Question 24

macrophages contribute to the reaction by

Answer 24

by secreting cytokines and growth factors that act on various cells, by phagocytizing and destroying foreign invadors and tissues, and by activating other cells, notably T lymphocytes

Question 25

what are the 2 pathways of macrophage activation

Answer 25

classical and alternative

Question 26

classical macrophage activation may be induced by

Answer 26

microbial products or cytokine IFN-y

Question 27

classically activated macrophages (M1) do what

Answer 27

enhance their ability to kill ingested organisms and secrete cytokines that stimulate inflammation

Question 28

alternative macrophage activation is induced by

Answer 28

IL-4 and IL-13 (produced by T lymphocytes)

Question 29

principal function of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages is in

Answer 29

tissue repair

Question 30

M2 macrophages do what

Answer 30

secrete growth factors that promote angiogenesis, activate fibroblasts, and stimulate collagen synthesis

Question 31

are resident macrophages a component of chronic inflammation

Answer 31

no

Question 32

cns

Answer 32

microglial cell

Question 33

lung

Answer 33

alveolar macrophage

Question 34

liver

Answer 34

kupffer cells

Question 35

CT

Answer 35

histiocyte

Question 36

spleen

Answer 36

white or red pulp macrophage

marginal zone macrophage