Moray (1959) Flashcards
describe the background for morays research
- (1950s) aviation becoming popular, air traffic controllers found it difficult to listen to one pilot and ignore incoming messages from others. likelihood of catastrophes increased.
- (1955) Cherry interested in how people put up an international barrier at a party with multiple conversations going on
‘cocktail party effect’ theorised, this barrier is only broken by the sound of your name
define the cocktail party effect
we would hear a conversation outside our ‘barrier’ only when our name is said within a crowded room
define Dichotic listening
headphones are worn by a participant and a different message is played to each ear
define shadowing
when a participant is told to focus on a piece of text and repeat it out loud as they hear it
define affective instructions
when a person is asked to do something, proceeded by their name being said
define non-affective instructions
when a person is asked to do something but their name is not being used
what is the aim of Morays study ——–
to provide a vigorous empirical test of Cherrys findings
name the apparatus used in all experiments
Brenell mark IV stereophonic tape recorder, headphones
describe the sample used in experiment one
- undergraduate students + research workers
- both genders
- from oxford university
describe the procedure of experiment one
- short list of simple words spoken 35 times as the ‘rejected’ or ‘blocked’ message
- at end of shadowing task, participants asked to remember what they remember of the ‘rejected’ message
- 30 seconds after the activity participants given 21 words (7 from rejected, 7 from blocked and 7 similar words from neither passage) and were tested to see whether or not they recognised the words
describe the procedure of experiment one
- short list of simple words spoken 35 times as the ‘rejected’ or ‘blocked’ message
- at end of shadowing task, participants asked to remember what they remember of the ‘rejected’ message
- 30 seconds after the activity participants given 21 words (7 from rejected, 7 from blocked and 7 similar words from neither passage) and were tested to see whether or not they recognised the words
what was the mean number of recognised words in the shadowed passage
4.9
what was the mean number of recognised words in the rejected passage
1.9
what was the mean number of recognised words in the neither passage
2.6
what quote concluded experiment one
‘in a situation where a subject divides his attention to the reception of a message from one ear and rejects a message from the other ear, almost none of the verbal content of the rejected message is able to penetrate the block set up’
describe the aim of experiment 2
to test whether an affective cue (one with strong meaning to the participant) can penetrate the ‘block’ and be attended to
describe the sample used in experiment two
- 12 participants
- students or research workers
describe the IV of experiment two
whether an instruction within a rejected passage…
- was proceeded by the participants name (affective)
- was not preceded by the participants name (non-affective)