Levine et al (2001) Flashcards
1
Q
background
A
- mainly all studied investigating differences between communities in helping based on only the population size
- only measured from a maximum of 3 countries + didn’t look at explanation through personalities
2
Q
experimental design of this study
A
independent measures
3
Q
describe the sample
A
- 23 different countries
- countries Levine et al had academic contacts with
- collected from largest or major city in each country (pop over 230,000)
- e.g. Rio de Janeiro, San Jose, Kuala Lumpur, New York
4
Q
describe the conditions the study was conducted in
A
- 2 or 3 locations
- main city center district
- during main business hours
- clear days
- during summer months of 1 or 2 years between 1992 and 1997
5
Q
describe the confederates
A
- male, college age, dressed neatly and casually
6
Q
describe the conditions the study was conducted in
A
- 2 or 3 locations
- main city center district
- during main business hours
- clear days
- during summer months of 1 or 2 years between 1992 and 1997
7
Q
who wasn’t tested on
A
children (under 17), physically disabled, very old, carrying heavy packages (people who could not be fully capable to help)
7
Q
describe the procedure
A
- confederate, during conditions required would
- drop a pen whilst walking home
- drop a pile of magazines whilst walking with a limp and wearing a clearly visible leg brace
- act like a blind person needing help to cross the road
tested to see whether they would be helped in these scenarios
8
Q
describe the pen drop test
A
- confederates walk towards solitary pedestrian 10-15 feet away
- walk at a pace of 10 paces per 15 seconds
- at a distance, reached into pocket + accidentally drop pen in front of participant, continued waling
- helped if: called back that pen was dropped, picked up pen and gave it to him
9
Q
describe the hurt leg test
A
- confederate walk with heavy limp, wear large + visible leg brace
- drop pile of magazines and struggle to reach for them when within 20 feet of participant
helped if: helped pick up magazine, offered to help
10
Q
describe the blind man test
A
- confederate dressed in dark glasses, carrying white cane
- before light green at crossing, step up to corner, holding onto cane + wait for someone to help
- helped if: offered to help, helped without asking or informed that light was green
11
Q
which two tests were not included and why
A
- asking for change (shortage of small value coins and notes in Calcutta)
- Mislaid letter on floor by post box (Tel Aviv afraid letters contained explosives, lack of post boxes in less developed countries)
12
Q
describe the results
A
- Rio de Janeiro (93.33% helping behaviour)
San Jose (91.33% helping behaviour) - New York (44.67% helping behaviour)
Kuala Lumpur (40.33% helping behaviour)
13
Q
describe the conditions the study was conducted in
A
- 2 or 3 locations
- main city center district
- during main business hours
- clear days
- during summer months of 1 or 2 years between 1992 and 1997
14
Q
describe the procedure
A
- confederate, during conditions required would
- drop a pen whilst walking home
- drop a pile of magazines whilst walking with a limp and wearing a clearly visible leg brace
- act like a blind person needing help to cross the road
tested to see whether they would be helped in these scenarios
14
Q
describe the conclusions
A
- no correlation between helping and population size of the city
- negative correlation between helping + purchasing power (helping behaviour up as purchasing power down)
- no correlation between helping and where they sit on a 10 point rating scalar of how individualistic or collectivist the country is
- a correlation but no significant negative correlation between pace of life and helping behaviour (inc pace of life, less helping)
15
Q
mean level of helping in simpatia countries compared to normal
A
simpatia:83% (e.g. Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, El Salvador, Spain)
normal:63%
16
Q
describe the procedure
A
- confederate, during conditions required would
- drop a pen whilst walking home
- drop a pile of magazines whilst walking with a limp and wearing a clearly visible leg brace
- act like a blind person needing help to cross the road
tested to see whether they would be helped in these scenarios
16
Q
describe the conditions the study was conducted in
A
- 2 or 3 locations
- main city center district
- during main business hours
- clear days
- during summer months of 1 or 2 years between 1992 and 1997
