Levine et al (2001) Flashcards

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1
Q

background

A
  • mainly all studied investigating differences between communities in helping based on only the population size
  • only measured from a maximum of 3 countries + didn’t look at explanation through personalities
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2
Q

experimental design of this study

A

independent measures

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3
Q

describe the sample

A
  • 23 different countries
  • countries Levine et al had academic contacts with
  • collected from largest or major city in each country (pop over 230,000)
  • e.g. Rio de Janeiro, San Jose, Kuala Lumpur, New York
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4
Q

describe the conditions the study was conducted in

A
  • 2 or 3 locations
  • main city center district
  • during main business hours
  • clear days
  • during summer months of 1 or 2 years between 1992 and 1997
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5
Q

describe the confederates

A
  • male, college age, dressed neatly and casually
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6
Q

describe the conditions the study was conducted in

A
  • 2 or 3 locations
  • main city center district
  • during main business hours
  • clear days
  • during summer months of 1 or 2 years between 1992 and 1997
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7
Q

who wasn’t tested on

A

children (under 17), physically disabled, very old, carrying heavy packages (people who could not be fully capable to help)

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7
Q

describe the procedure

A
  • confederate, during conditions required would
  • drop a pen whilst walking home
  • drop a pile of magazines whilst walking with a limp and wearing a clearly visible leg brace
  • act like a blind person needing help to cross the road
    tested to see whether they would be helped in these scenarios
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8
Q

describe the pen drop test

A
  • confederates walk towards solitary pedestrian 10-15 feet away
  • walk at a pace of 10 paces per 15 seconds
  • at a distance, reached into pocket + accidentally drop pen in front of participant, continued waling
  • helped if: called back that pen was dropped, picked up pen and gave it to him
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9
Q

describe the hurt leg test

A
  • confederate walk with heavy limp, wear large + visible leg brace
  • drop pile of magazines and struggle to reach for them when within 20 feet of participant
    helped if: helped pick up magazine, offered to help
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10
Q

describe the blind man test

A
  • confederate dressed in dark glasses, carrying white cane
  • before light green at crossing, step up to corner, holding onto cane + wait for someone to help
  • helped if: offered to help, helped without asking or informed that light was green
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11
Q

which two tests were not included and why

A
  • asking for change (shortage of small value coins and notes in Calcutta)
  • Mislaid letter on floor by post box (Tel Aviv afraid letters contained explosives, lack of post boxes in less developed countries)
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12
Q

describe the results

A
  • Rio de Janeiro (93.33% helping behaviour)
    San Jose (91.33% helping behaviour)
  • New York (44.67% helping behaviour)
    Kuala Lumpur (40.33% helping behaviour)
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13
Q

describe the conditions the study was conducted in

A
  • 2 or 3 locations
  • main city center district
  • during main business hours
  • clear days
  • during summer months of 1 or 2 years between 1992 and 1997
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14
Q

describe the procedure

A
  • confederate, during conditions required would
  • drop a pen whilst walking home
  • drop a pile of magazines whilst walking with a limp and wearing a clearly visible leg brace
  • act like a blind person needing help to cross the road
    tested to see whether they would be helped in these scenarios
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14
Q

describe the conclusions

A
  • no correlation between helping and population size of the city
  • negative correlation between helping + purchasing power (helping behaviour up as purchasing power down)
  • no correlation between helping and where they sit on a 10 point rating scalar of how individualistic or collectivist the country is
  • a correlation but no significant negative correlation between pace of life and helping behaviour (inc pace of life, less helping)
15
Q

mean level of helping in simpatia countries compared to normal

A

simpatia:83% (e.g. Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, El Salvador, Spain)
normal:63%

16
Q

describe the procedure

A
  • confederate, during conditions required would
  • drop a pen whilst walking home
  • drop a pile of magazines whilst walking with a limp and wearing a clearly visible leg brace
  • act like a blind person needing help to cross the road
    tested to see whether they would be helped in these scenarios
16
Q

describe the conditions the study was conducted in

A
  • 2 or 3 locations
  • main city center district
  • during main business hours
  • clear days
  • during summer months of 1 or 2 years between 1992 and 1997