Module 9: Sexuality Disorders and Gender Dysphoria Flashcards
Havelock Elis’ conclusions about sexuality (3)
(1) both sexes enjoy intercourse (2) all sexual orientations are normal variations of sexual attraction (3) sexual orientation is present at birth
who pioneered sexual research in US?
Alfred Kinsey (Sexual Behavior in the Human Male/ Human Female)
difference b/w sex drive and other physiological drives
sex drive is associated w/ social- and pair-bonding relationships therefore goes beyond bodily needs
(T/F) males think about sex more than females
TRUE
(T/F) males think about other, non-sex drives more than females
TRUE
MALE: changes in brain functioning during orgasm
stimulation of ventral segmental area (same region associated w drug responses)
FEMALE: changes in brain functioning during orgasm
shut-down of brain regions controlling thoughts and emotions
phases of human sexual response (4)
excitement > plateau > orgasm > resolution
perspectives on sexual dysfunction (3)
relationship, medical, and biological perspective
MALE: most common sexual “dysfunctions” (2)
(1) premature ejaculation (2) performance anxiety
FEMALE: most common sexual “dysfunction” (2)
(1) lack of interest in sex (2) finding sex not pleasurable
lifestyle factors that cause erectile dysfunction (7)
smoking, lack of exercise, obesity, alcohol abuse, diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis
medical/biological factors that lead to sexual dysfunction (4)
(1) diabetes (2) vascular disease (3) alcohol (4) tobacco
psychological factors that lead to sexual dysfunction (5)
(1) physical and sexual abuse in childhood (2) performance anxiety (3) depression (4) cultural prohibitions of sexual activity (5) lack of partner communication
DSM-5’s most common sexual disorders MALES (3)
(1) erectile disorder (2) delayed ejaculation (3) hypoactive sexual disorder
DSM-5’s most common sexual disorders FEMALES (3)
(1) orgasmic disorder (2) sexual/arousal disorder (3) genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
spontaneous erections are most common for … (3)
children, teenagers, and young adults
erections in middle aged men typically need …
manual manipulation
Master’s and Johnson’s Sensate Focus treatment: Tx for sexual anxiety (3)
(1) pleasurable touching (2) genital touching (3) sexual contact
Master’s and Johnson’s sexual anxiety: pleasurable touching
couple engaging in caressing, kissing, and other bodily contact; avoidance of genital contact
Master’s and Johnson’s sexual anxiety: genital touching
couple engaging in genital touching; stimulation w/ no attempt to achieve orgasm
Master’s and Johnson’s sexual anxiety: sexual contact
once couple learns to communicate what they want in sexual contact, they may move on to sexual intercourse
Tx’s for premature ejaculation (3)
(1) couple repeatedly practice foreplay, but stop stimulation prior to ejaculation (2) partner stimulates partner up to ejaculation, reduces arousal, and delays ejaculation (3) sensitivity reducing creams
Tx for genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
pt inserts fingers/vaginal dilator and practices relaxation until vaginal constriction relaxes
sexual dysfunction: medications and purpose
Cialis, Levitra, Viagra - dilate genital arteries, increases blood flow to penis and surrounding areas
paraphilia literally means
“para” = alongside normal or usual; “philia” = love»_space; beyond typical love
voyeuristic disorder
sexual excitement to watching non-consenting people nude or engaging in sexual or elimination activities
exhibitionistic disorder
sexual excitement to displaying genitals or engaging in sexual activity in front of non-consenting person
frotteuristic disorder
sexual arousal gained by touching or rubbing against non-consenting partner
fetishistic disorder
sexual fixation on an object or body part that is not normally considered sexual in nature
T/F there is no treatment for pedophilic disorder
FALSE
pedophilic disorder
sexual feelings directed towards children
approach to treating pedophilic disorder
pedophilics may not change sexually desired targets, but therapy can train them to not act on urges w/ actual children
masochistic activity disorder
compulsion to experience serious physical injury, humiliation, or suffering
sexual masochism disorder
sexual arousal in response to moderate or extreme pain, suffering, or humiliation
transvestic disorder
sexual excitement associated w/ cross-dressing
transsexuality
member feels like a member of the opposite sex thus chooses to dress like that sex
psychological Tx for paraphiliac disorders
CBT - changes how people interpret thoughts and emotions toward others; helps avoid situations that lead to paraphiliac actions
pharmacological Tx for paraphiliac disorders (2)
(1) hormone blocking therapy “chemical castration” (2) SSRIs (reduce sex drive)
gender dysphoria
suffer distress due to their sex
transgender
anatomy of one sex but identity of other
transsexual
seek medical interventions to change their sex
why wasn’t gender dysphoria dropped from DSM like homosexuality?
not all children w/ gender dysphoria are unhappy w/ gender once they reach adulthood; therapy is available to help children cope w/ feelings
people who have sought gender transition surgery are generally …
positive (80%); strong regret/ambivalence (20%)
dysfunction
failure to function as expected
