M3: Research Methods; Assessment and Classification Flashcards
falsification
proving current hypothesis wrong to further support its claims
advantage of case studies
allows us to examine rare events in detail
disadvantage of case studies
absence of generalizability
naturalistic observations
observing real world conditions in natural environment
correlational values
range -1 to 1; 0 = no correlation
problems why correlation does not equal causation (2)
(1) directional problem (2) third variable problem
operational definition
precise/concrete meaning of a term
confounding variable
outside variable that affects dependent variable in an experiment
internal validity
determines whether experiment was designed to control alternative explanations
external validity
determines whether results of experiment can be generalized to real-life situations
demand characteristics
situations that influence a participant’s response
double-blind experiment
both participants and experimenters do not know who is in control or experimental group
match subjects design
matching observational w control group participants
inferential statistics allow scientists to determine if …
a particular outcome is different from what might occur merely by chance
longitudinal study
following changes in behavior within individuals/groups that occur over a period of time
lifetime prevalence
proportion of population w a given condition at some point in their LIFETIME
overall prevalence
proportion of population w a given condition at particular POINT IN TIME
if identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins on a given trait, it is likely that …
genetics plays a large role in its appearance
statistically significant vs clinically significant
(1) statistically: Tx’s significantly different; however, one not necessarily better than other (2) clinically: difference is significant to participants
meta-analysis
technique that combines the results of multiple studies and analyzes differences between studies
1 ethical consideration in psychological research
people in study should not experience harm as a result of being in the study
principle of informed consent
people in study are aware of what they may experience, so they can determine whether to participate or not
SCID stands for
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders
DSM stands for
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
to put info about a patient’s behavior in cultural context, the DSM-5 uses the …
Cultural Formulation Interview
inter-rater reliability
same cohort, same results, tested by DIFFERENT PEOPLE
test-retest reliability
same cohort, same results, tested at DIFFERENT TIMES
test measures what it purports to measure
test validity
assessment relates to real world (wide range of cultural situations)
ecological validity
Beck Depression Inventory
symptom questionnaire
MMPI stands for
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
MMPI consists of questions that were chosen because …
clinical populations answer the questions differently from normal people
if person answers MMPI similar to known personalities/mental illnesses …
he/she probably has similar personality or mental illness
Lying Scale of MMPI: healthy vs. unhealthy
healthy people admit to questions that make them look negative; unhealthy people will lie to look good
Rorschach test
inkblots used to assess personality and mental illness; scored by Exnar or R-PAS scoring system
inkblot scoring systems contains
normal answers of people with diff mental illnesses and personalities
TAT assessment
client tells story about 30 black and white drawings w ambiguous content; stories analyzed for central themes
European mental illness classification system
ICD - Internation Classification of Diseases; published by World Health Organization
newest significant change to DSM-5
dimensional assessment = disorders listed in terms of magnitude w/ some being listed on a spectrum from mild to severe
