M3: Research Methods; Assessment and Classification

Question 1

falsification

Answer 1

proving current hypothesis wrong to further support its claims

Question 2

advantage of case studies

Answer 2

allows us to examine rare events in detail

Question 3

disadvantage of case studies

Answer 3

absence of generalizability

Question 4

naturalistic observations

Answer 4

observing real world conditions in natural environment

Question 5

correlational values

Answer 5

range -1 to 1; 0 = no correlation

Question 6

problems why correlation does not equal causation (2)

Answer 6

(1) directional problem (2) third variable problem

Question 7

operational definition

Answer 7

precise/concrete meaning of a term

Question 8

confounding variable

Answer 8

outside variable that affects dependent variable in an experiment

Question 9

internal validity

Answer 9

determines whether experiment was designed to control alternative explanations

Question 10

external validity

Answer 10

determines whether results of experiment can be generalized to real-life situations

Question 11

demand characteristics

Answer 11

situations that influence a participant’s response

Question 12

double-blind experiment

Answer 12

both participants and experimenters do not know who is in control or experimental group

Question 13

match subjects design

Answer 13

matching observational w control group participants

Question 14

inferential statistics allow scientists to determine if …

Answer 14

a particular outcome is different from what might occur merely by chance

Question 15

longitudinal study

Answer 15

following changes in behavior within individuals/groups that occur over a period of time

Question 16

lifetime prevalence

Answer 16

proportion of population w a given condition at some point in their LIFETIME

Question 17

overall prevalence

Answer 17

proportion of population w a given condition at particular POINT IN TIME

Question 18

if identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins on a given trait, it is likely that …

Answer 18

genetics plays a large role in its appearance

Question 19

statistically significant vs clinically significant

Answer 19

(1) statistically: Tx’s significantly different; however, one not necessarily better than other (2) clinically: difference is significant to participants

Question 20

meta-analysis

Answer 20

technique that combines the results of multiple studies and analyzes differences between studies

Question 21

1 ethical consideration in psychological research

Answer 21

people in study should not experience harm as a result of being in the study

Question 22

principle of informed consent

Answer 22

people in study are aware of what they may experience, so they can determine whether to participate or not

Question 23

SCID stands for

Answer 23

Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders

Question 24

DSM stands for

Answer 24

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 25

to put info about a patient’s behavior in cultural context, the DSM-5 uses the …

Answer 25

Cultural Formulation Interview

Question 26

inter-rater reliability

Answer 26

same cohort, same results, tested by DIFFERENT PEOPLE

Question 27

test-retest reliability

Answer 27

same cohort, same results, tested at DIFFERENT TIMES

Question 28

test measures what it purports to measure

Answer 28

test validity

Question 29

assessment relates to real world (wide range of cultural situations)

Answer 29

ecological validity

Question 30

Beck Depression Inventory

Answer 30

symptom questionnaire

Question 31

MMPI stands for

Answer 31

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Question 32

MMPI consists of questions that were chosen because …

Answer 32

clinical populations answer the questions differently from normal people

Question 33

if person answers MMPI similar to known personalities/mental illnesses …

Answer 33

he/she probably has similar personality or mental illness

Question 34

Lying Scale of MMPI: healthy vs. unhealthy

Answer 34

healthy people admit to questions that make them look negative; unhealthy people will lie to look good

Question 35

Rorschach test

Answer 35

inkblots used to assess personality and mental illness; scored by Exnar or R-PAS scoring system

Question 36

inkblot scoring systems contains

Answer 36

normal answers of people with diff mental illnesses and personalities

Question 37

TAT assessment

Answer 37

client tells story about 30 black and white drawings w ambiguous content; stories analyzed for central themes

Question 38

European mental illness classification system

Answer 38

ICD - Internation Classification of Diseases; published by World Health Organization

Question 39

newest significant change to DSM-5

Answer 39

dimensional assessment = disorders listed in terms of magnitude w/ some being listed on a spectrum from mild to severe