M1: Conceptions of Mental Illness Flashcards
(T/F) there is a relationship b/w mental illness and violence
FALSE
evolutionary perspective on psychopathology (2)
views psychopathology in terms of how adaptive behaviors are; a problematic behavior may provide an advantage directly to indv, or secondary to another process that is advantageous to indv
biopsychosocial perspective
social, psychological, behavioral, and biological factors play EQUAL role in illness
if disorder appears ~same time w/ ~same prevalence all over the world, it suggests …
genetics is major contributor (NOT culture)
in considering survival ad-/dis-advantages of a behavior, we must consider …
ancient environments in which the behavior was evolved (NOT current environments)
characteristics of psychopathology that aide in identifying mentally ill? (5)
behavior is
(1) maladaptive
(2) distressing to self/others
(3) against norm
(4) irrational
(5) dangerous to self/others
early Greeks attributed mental illness to possession by the gods. ancient Greeks, Pythagoras and Hippocrates, attributed it to …
the brain (as with intellect)
humors believed to cause disease when out of balance (4)
(1) yellow bile
(2) black bile
(3) blood
(4) phlegm
1480’s book that attributes mental/physical illness to witches
Malleus Maleficarum “The Hammer of the Witches”
regarding mind-body problems, neuroscientists suggest that …
the mind and body are not distinct from each other
tissue consisting of axons that carry neural signals throughout brain
white matter
brain tissue that consists of dendrites and cell bodies, which lack myelin (thus darker)
gray matter
the bumps/bulges BETWEEN wrinkles in the brain
gyri
the grooves/wrinkles of the brain
sulci
left FRONTAL lobe
language PRODUCTION
Broca’s area
left TEMPORAL lobe
language UNDERSTANDING
Wernicke’s area
Darwin: successful physical/behavioral characteristics become more common over unsuccessful ones over time
natural selection
French physician who described a large number of brain disorders
Jean Martin Charcot
hospital that treated mental patients cruelly in 1700’s
England’s Bethlehem Hospital
revolutionary change that saved the mentally ill from inhumane treatment
in 1700’s, Vincenazo Chiarugi and Phillipe Pinel removed chains from patients in mental hospitals in Italy and France
events that led to the closing of mental hospitals in US between 1950’s-70’s (2)
(1) discovery of anti-psychotic meds
(2) shift in mental treatment to community-based model
closing of mental hospitals resulted in … (2)
(1) increase in homelessness
(2) increase in jails and prisons
phenomenon: describes higher level cortical processes inhibiting lower level processes
repression
method: to allow patients to let their mind drift and say whatever comes to mind
free association
analysis: to examine what clients are unwilling to say and to interpret what clients are unwilling to accept
resistance
method: client sees therapist as standing in for past conflicts and for significant figures in client’s life
transference
psychoanalysis vs. existential/humanistic
(1) psychoanalysis: unconscious > behavior
(2) humanistic: conscious “free will” > behavior
aspects of client-centered therapy
(1) empathetic understanding (2) unconditional (+) regard (3) genuineness and congruence
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: low to high (5)
physiological > safety > love/belonging > esteem > self-actualization
phases of emotion-focused therapy (3)
(1) bonding and awareness (2) evocation and exploration (3) transformation and generation of alternatives
behavioral therapists attribute involuntary reactions to stimuli (i.e. fear) to …
classical conditioning
behaviorist who argued to increase (+) behavior w/ reinforcement, and blocking rewards to decrease (-) behaviors
B.F. Skinner
according to cognitive approach, what causes psychological disturbances?
distorted/dysfunctional thinking
psychological approach of Aaron Beck
Cognitive
components of Beck’s cognitive triad? (3)
negative views on (1) self (2) world (3) future
Family Resemblance Model
abnormal behaviors resemble each other the way that members of a family resemble each other
founder of psychodynamics
Freud
