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Abnormal Psychology > M1: Conceptions of Mental Illness > Flashcards

M1: Conceptions of Mental Illness Flashcards

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1
Q

(T/F) there is a relationship b/w mental illness and violence

A

FALSE

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2
Q

evolutionary perspective on psychopathology (2)

A

views psychopathology in terms of how adaptive behaviors are; a problematic behavior may provide an advantage directly to indv, or secondary to another process that is advantageous to indv

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3
Q

biopsychosocial perspective

A

social, psychological, behavioral, and biological factors play EQUAL role in illness

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4
Q

if disorder appears ~same time w/ ~same prevalence all over the world, it suggests …

A

genetics is major contributor (NOT culture)

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5
Q

in considering survival ad-/dis-advantages of a behavior, we must consider …

A

ancient environments in which the behavior was evolved (NOT current environments)

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6
Q

characteristics of psychopathology that aide in identifying mentally ill? (5)

A

behavior is

(1) maladaptive
(2) distressing to self/others
(3) against norm
(4) irrational
(5) dangerous to self/others

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7
Q

early Greeks attributed mental illness to possession by the gods. ancient Greeks, Pythagoras and Hippocrates, attributed it to …

A

the brain (as with intellect)

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8
Q

humors believed to cause disease when out of balance (4)

A

(1) yellow bile
(2) black bile
(3) blood
(4) phlegm

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9
Q

1480’s book that attributes mental/physical illness to witches

A

Malleus Maleficarum “The Hammer of the Witches”

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10
Q

regarding mind-body problems, neuroscientists suggest that …

A

the mind and body are not distinct from each other

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11
Q

tissue consisting of axons that carry neural signals throughout brain

A

white matter

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12
Q

brain tissue that consists of dendrites and cell bodies, which lack myelin (thus darker)

A

gray matter

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13
Q

the bumps/bulges BETWEEN wrinkles in the brain

A

gyri

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14
Q

the grooves/wrinkles of the brain

A

sulci

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15
Q

left FRONTAL lobe

language PRODUCTION

A

Broca’s area

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16
Q

left TEMPORAL lobe

language UNDERSTANDING

A

Wernicke’s area

17
Q

Darwin: successful physical/behavioral characteristics become more common over unsuccessful ones over time

A

natural selection

18
Q

French physician who described a large number of brain disorders

A

Jean Martin Charcot

19
Q

hospital that treated mental patients cruelly in 1700’s

A

England’s Bethlehem Hospital

20
Q

revolutionary change that saved the mentally ill from inhumane treatment

A

in 1700’s, Vincenazo Chiarugi and Phillipe Pinel removed chains from patients in mental hospitals in Italy and France

21
Q

events that led to the closing of mental hospitals in US between 1950’s-70’s (2)

A

(1) discovery of anti-psychotic meds

(2) shift in mental treatment to community-based model

22
Q

closing of mental hospitals resulted in … (2)

A

(1) increase in homelessness

(2) increase in jails and prisons

23
Q

phenomenon: describes higher level cortical processes inhibiting lower level processes

A

repression

24
Q

method: to allow patients to let their mind drift and say whatever comes to mind

A

free association

25
Q

analysis: to examine what clients are unwilling to say and to interpret what clients are unwilling to accept

A

resistance

26
Q

method: client sees therapist as standing in for past conflicts and for significant figures in client’s life

A

transference

27
Q

psychoanalysis vs. existential/humanistic

A

(1) psychoanalysis: unconscious > behavior

(2) humanistic: conscious “free will” > behavior

28
Q

aspects of client-centered therapy

A

(1) empathetic understanding (2) unconditional (+) regard (3) genuineness and congruence

29
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: low to high (5)

A

physiological > safety > love/belonging > esteem > self-actualization

30
Q

phases of emotion-focused therapy (3)

A

(1) bonding and awareness (2) evocation and exploration (3) transformation and generation of alternatives

31
Q

behavioral therapists attribute involuntary reactions to stimuli (i.e. fear) to …

A

classical conditioning

32
Q

behaviorist who argued to increase (+) behavior w/ reinforcement, and blocking rewards to decrease (-) behaviors

A

B.F. Skinner

33
Q

according to cognitive approach, what causes psychological disturbances?

A

distorted/dysfunctional thinking

34
Q

psychological approach of Aaron Beck

A

Cognitive

35
Q

components of Beck’s cognitive triad? (3)

A

negative views on (1) self (2) world (3) future

36
Q

Family Resemblance Model

A

abnormal behaviors resemble each other the way that members of a family resemble each other

37
Q

founder of psychodynamics

A

Freud

Abnormal Psychology (11 decks)

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