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Abnormal Psychology > M7: Stress, Trauma, Psychopathology; Anxiety, OCD > Flashcards

M7: Stress, Trauma, Psychopathology; Anxiety, OCD Flashcards

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1
Q

gene related to whether people show stress responses to maltreatment of children

A

MAO-A (monoamine oxidase A) gene; breaks down dopamine, epinephrine, and serotonin

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2
Q

chromosome that holds the MAO-A gene

A

X chromosome

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3
Q

limbic system area that activates during the experience of physical and social pain

A

anterior cingulate cortex

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4
Q

activation of the anterior cingulate cortex is responsible for …

A

the unpleasantness of physical and social pain

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5
Q

study of how our immune system is affected by psychological factors

A

psychoneuroimmunology

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6
Q

psych factors that REDUCE immune system functioning (6)

A

loneliness, poor social support, (-) mood, disruption of marital relationships, bereavement, natural disasters

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7
Q

psych factor that INCREASES immune system functioning

A

close friendships

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8
Q

cytokines

A

proteins of immune system; causes feelings of malaise + lethargy that accompany stress and depression

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9
Q

system that is fired up when we are threatened

A

sympathetic nervous system

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10
Q

under stress, hypothalamus stimulates …

A

the pituitary gland

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11
Q

class of hormones that are produced by the pituitary gland that prepare us to deal with stressors

A

glucocorticoids

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12
Q

important hormone-producing glands of HPA axis (3)

A

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands

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13
Q

autonomic nervous system plays a role in what important internal functions (3)

A

(1) maintains homeostasis (2) coordinates responses to exercise and stress (3) regulates reproductive organ functioning

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14
Q

opposing systems divided from autonomic nervous system (2)

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

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15
Q

stages of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (3)

A

(1) alarm (2) resistance (3) exhaustion stage

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16
Q

Selye’s GAS: alarm stage

A

sympathetic nervous system&raquo_space; fight or flight

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17
Q

Selye’s GAS: resistance stage

A

body adjusts to the continuous stress

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18
Q

Selye’s GAS: exhaustion stage

A

constant strain depletes body’s resources

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19
Q

McEwen’s allostasis

A

body attempts to change itself to achieve stability when in changing environmental circumstances; may or may not cause stress

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20
Q

responses of allostatic load (2)

A

(1) fight or flight responses (2) tend and befriend

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21
Q

Shelley Taylor: response to stress, males vs females

A

males tend to enter fight of flight; females engage in tend and befriend

22
Q

tend and befriend

A

tendency to seek social contact, and to protect and sooth offspring and others in distress

23
Q

acute stress disorder

A

short-term rxn to traumatic + non-traumatic stress

24
Q

post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

stress rxn that lasts much longer to the original stressor - something that is traumatic in nature

25
Q

up through WWI, PTSD was believed to be caused from … (2)

A

air-shock + shell shock (exploding canon balls or artillery shells)

26
Q

symptoms of PTSD (5)

A

(1) exposure to trauma (2) flashbacks, distressing memories (3) psych rxns to relatable stimuli (4) stimuli avoidance (5) (-) cognitive symptoms

27
Q

(-) cognitive symptoms of PTSD (3)

A

(1) lack of concentration (2) self-blame (3) sleep disturbances

28
Q

PTSD susceptibility is related to what brain malfunction?

A

inability to inhibit fear response

29
Q

brain connection associated with PTSD

A

inhibitory connections b/w frontal lobes + amygdala

30
Q

psychological therapies most frequently used for PTSD (3)

A

(1) exposure (2) CBT (3) eye movement desensitization + reprocessing

31
Q

conscious cognitive system

A

operates slowly; considers possible bad things that may be related to the stimulus

32
Q

unconscious limbic system (esp amygdala)

A

makes snap associations b/w stimuli; fear that may or may not agree with conscious system

33
Q

monkey-snake example: EVIDENCE of observed fear

A

monkeys who don’t fear snakes encountered monkeys who responded to snakes with fear; monkeys learned fear of snakes

34
Q

monkey-snake example: LIMITATION to observed fear

A

observed fear only occurs when stimuli has evolutionary significance

35
Q

brain area involved with anxiety vs fear

A

anxiety involves same regions of brain that regulate fear system

36
Q

brain malfunction associated with anxiety disorders

A

underproduction of GABA

37
Q

general anxiety disorder involves

A

low levels of anxiety occurring for at least 6 months

38
Q

panic disorder

A

short periods of abject terror that occur multiple times over a matter of weeks

39
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

persistent and severe fear of social situations&raquo_space; avoidance of social situations

40
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of public situations/crowds; literal translation “fear of the marketplace”

41
Q

symptoms of blood-injection-injury phobia versus other phobias (2)

A

decreased heart rate; fainting

42
Q

common systems of typical phobias (2)

A

increased heart rate; activation of sympathetic nervous system

43
Q

most effective treatment for specific phobias

A

exposure

44
Q

OCD: obsessions

A

disturbing, uncontrollable thoughts

45
Q

OCD: compulsions

A

disruptive behaviors that are used to control obsessions

46
Q

Feygin’s themes for OCD behavior (4)

A

(1) loss of person or valuable (2) excessive need for physical security (3) need for environmental cleanliness + order (4) deprivation of resources important to person

47
Q

Feygin: loss of person or valuable&raquo_space;

A

response similar to anxious attachment disorder

48
Q

Feygin: excessive need for physical security&raquo_space;

A

need to constantly check things

49
Q

Feygin: deprivation of resources that have personal importance&raquo_space;

A

hoarding

50
Q

common drug to treat OCD

A

tricyclics + SSRIs

51
Q

common psychological treatment for OCD

A

exposure and response prevention

52
Q

Feygin OCD theme: need for environmental cleanliness + order&raquo_space; (2)

A

excessive hygiene + order

Abnormal Psychology (11 decks)

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