M4: Disorders of Childhood Flashcards
first region of brain that develops (2)
visual and motor
last region of brain that develops
frontal lobes
sections of limbic system found to be smaller in people who experience extreme stress as children (2)
hippocampus and amygdala
Bowlby: lack of _________ is associated w wide variety of psych disorders
attachment
Harlow’s rhesus monkeys found that attachment is driven by what process?
contact comfort NOT feeding process
attachment patterns (4)
secure, avoidant, anxious/ambivalent, disorganized
attachment: anxious/ambivalent parenting style
aka resistant; inconsistent child care and intrusive
attachment: disorganized/controlling parenting style
unpredictably abusive or frightening
mirror neurons
turn observed behaviors into personal motor action plan by firing when motor actions of self/others are engaged
mirror neurons are involved in what disorder?
autism spectrum disorder
children appear to understand what other people see and know at what age?
4
Baron-Cohen’s 4 components of children developing ability to infer mental states in other people (4)
(1) intentionality detector (2) eye direction detector (3) shared attentional mechanism (4) theory of mind mechanism
mental disorders that don’t appear until adolescence (6)
panic disorder, generalized anxiety d, PTSD, substance abuse, mood disorder, schizophrenia
higher-level regions in cortex process what? (2)
sensory info + social interaction
affective system (incl amygdala) process
emotional significance of event
higher-level regions in cortex CREATES (3)
(1) mental model of social world (2) figures out mental state of others (3) determines effect actions have on others
ventromedial prefrontal cortex (of brain) is responsible for what important functions? (5)
learning fears, emotional regulation, storing/retrieving episodic/semantic memories, understating feelings/emotions of others
reactive attachment disorder (2)
lack of emotional responsiveness or (+) affect in social interactions
those with reactive attachment disorder, were …
not cared for as children
disinhibited social engagement disorder (2)
indiscriminate in social behavior; readily interact familiarity w/ strangers
those with disinhibited social engagement disorder, were …
not cared for as children before age 2
Asperger’s syndrome is seen as?
more functional autism
autistic children’s IQ vs Raven Progressive Matrices Test
both low when verbal content present; high on nonverbal RPMT
(T/F) relationship b/w vaccinations and autism exists
FALSE
relationship b/w parent age and autism
autism rate increases as mother’s age increases and when father is 50+
empathizing-systemizing theory of autism (3)
(1) poor at empathizing/reading emotions of others (2) good at systemizing/organizing things into groups (3) good at understanding rules that govern them
rate of autism
1 in 100 children
sex differences in autism
boys to girls: 5-2 to 1
rate of special abilities/talents amongst those w/ autism spectrum disorder
10% present w talents involving rote memory
UCLA Young Autism Project developed by Lovaas (5)
(1) est teaching relationship (2) foundational skills (3) early communication (4) basic language processes (5) functional comm + peer interactions
dimensions of ADHD (3)
inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
disorders often co-morbid w/ ADHD (3)
oppositional defiant d, anxiety d, conduct d
heritability of ADHD
76%
class of drugs that treat ADHD
stimulants (i.e. ritalin, adderall)
biology of childhood/adolescent onset conduct disorder
abnormal activation of amygdala and reduced amygdala volume
oppositional defiant disorder (2)
angry + defiant to authority
conduct disorder (2)
aggressive towards others/animals + randomly destroy property
learning disabilities
scores on achievement/intelligence tests are lower in one or more SPECIFIC areas
intellectual development disorder
scores on achievement/intelligence tests are low in general; GLOBAL DEFICITS
biological disorders that underlie intellectual development disorder (3)
chromosomal, metabolism, gestational
factors that cause fetal damage during gestation that lead to intellectual development disorder (3)
(1) alcohol and cocaine (2) deficiencies in Fe, Zn, I (3) variety of infections
critical periods in development where brain is more sensitive to both outside and inside factors (2)
(1) GESTATION/INFANCY when connections to cortex are initially organized (2) ADOLESCENCE when major brain recognition takes place
major categories of Childhood Disorders on DSM-5 (4)
(1) trauma (2) stressor (3) neurodevelopmental (4) disruptive d, impulse d, conduct d’s
