M5: Schizophrenia Flashcards
relationship b/w schizophrenia and psychotic disorders
schizophrenia is one of many psychotic disorders
characteristics of psychotic disorders (2)
(1) out of touch w/ reality (2) possessing abnormal thinking and sensory processes
schizophrenia (+) symptoms
symptoms not found in normal people
schizophrenia (-) symptoms
absence of normal behaviors
common (+) symptoms of schizophrenia (4)
auditory hallucinations + delusions: persecution, grandeur, control
common (-) symptoms of schizophrenia (3)
avolition, alogia, anhedonia
avolition
severe lack of motivation
alogia
inability to speak
anhedonia
inability to feel pleasure
natural course of schizophrenia (4)
4 phases: (1) premorbid (2) prodromal (3) psychotic (4) stable
Kraepelin: “dementia praecox”
premature dementia; refers to schizophrenia
DSM subtypes of schizophrenia (5)
paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual
schizophrenia is associated with what characteristic?
creativity
brain difference found in children who developed schizophrenia prior to puberty (2)
larger ventricles in brain + loss of gray matter
differences found in DNA of people w/ schizophrenia
increased deletions and duplications of base sequences
neuromotor abnormalities of eyes found in schizophrenics and relatives
schizophrenics follow smooth movements of objects w/ periods of quick jerky movements (appear to be catching up w/ objects)
default network of brain in schizophrenics
reduced suppression of default network during cognitive tasks
auditory hallucinations appear to involve problems with …
transferring info from left inferior gyrus to Wernicke’s language understanding area
evidence that supports dopamine overactivity as causing schizophrenia
(1) drugs that reduce dopamine»_space; ease symptoms (2) stress + amphetamine»_space; raise dopamine»_space; triggers symptoms (3) creativity related to dopamine production
schizophrenic symptoms are associated w abnormal activity in what brain region
prefrontal lobes
role of glutamate in schizophrenia
un-blocked glutamate receptors influence dopamine
Charlie Chaplin Illusion applied to top-down evidence for schizophrenia
schizophrenic people cannot recognize a mask from the back side which suggests they have trouble imposing sensory expectation on a stimulus
psychotic symptoms of psychiatry first appear in …
adolescence or early adulthood
relationship b/w schizophrenia, smoking, + substance abuse
schizophrenics more likely to be smokers and substance abusers
factors that predict poorer outcomes in schizophrenic patients (5)
(1) male (2) early symptoms (3) going w/out treatment for a long time (4) having many cognitive symptoms (5) more (-) than (+) symptoms
treating schizophrenics out of the hospital has resulted in …
a large number becoming homeless
chlorpromazine best treats schizophrenics w …
(+) symptoms
tardive dyskinesia (2)
(1) side effect of 1st generation antipsychotics (2) involves involuntary movements, esp. tongue and lip movements
major advantage of 2nd generation antipsychotics
work better for bother (+) and (-) symptoms
example of maladaptive cognitive appraisals of schizophrenics
“I’m not as good as other people”
maladaptive cognitive appraisals lead to …
nonfunctional behavior (i.e. social withdrawal, reduction of task effort)
therapeutic alliance (2)
(1) strong, trusting relationship b/w therapist and client (2) important to est at onset of therapy
