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Abnormal Psychology > Module 10: Substance-Related, Addictive, and Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Module 10: Substance-Related, Addictive, and Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

rates of illicit drug use over time have …

A

substantially declined since 1980’s

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2
Q

major components of drug dependence (3)

A

(1) desire to seek and imbibe substance (2) inability to control consumption of substance (3) experience of (-) emotions when substance is unattainable

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3
Q

delirium tremens

A

abuse of alcohol

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4
Q

adolescent drug use vs drug use after 20

A

adolescent using drugs are 4x more likely to become addicted

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5
Q

disorders involving same neurological processes as drug addiction (8)

A

ADD, affective d’s, anxiety d’s, bulimia, gambling, pathological, personality d’s, sexual addiction

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6
Q

neurotransmitter activity associated w/ pleasurable aspects of drug use

A

dopamine increases

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7
Q

brain parts stimulated by ventral tegmental area and involved in drug addiction (4)

A

(1) nucleus accumbens (most important) (2) prefrontal cortex (3) dorsal striatum (4) amygdala

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8
Q

brain area associated with loss of control, compulsive use, craving, and denial of drug problem

A

prefrontal cortex

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9
Q

most common drug abuse disorder in US

A

alcohol use disorder

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10
Q

rates of alcohol use disorder in males and females

A

males 42%; females 20%

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11
Q

reasons alcohol use is substantially lower in some regions (Middle East, Asia)

A

(1) Muslim countries ban its use (2) Asian genetic factors make alcohol unpleasant

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12
Q

part of digestive system that absorbs majority of consumed alcohol

A

small intestine

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13
Q

forms of alcohol that enter bloodstream faster

A

carbonated alcohol (alcohol soft drinks, champagne)

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14
Q

forms of alcohol that enter bloodstream slower

A

those w/ food value (beer)

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15
Q

males are considered heavy drinkers if they consume

A

more than 4 drinks per day or 14 drinks per week

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16
Q

females are considered heavy drinkers if they consume

A

more than 3 drinks per day or 7 drinks a week

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17
Q

relationship b/w cannabis use and psychotic symptoms/mental disorders

A

(+) relationship; paranoia and schizophrenia

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18
Q

least potent hallucinogen

A

mescaline

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19
Q

most potent hallucinogen

A

LSD

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20
Q

neurotransmitter that stimulates same receptors as opioids

A

endorphins

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21
Q

cocaine high versus high of other drugs

A

cocaine high is extremely short (15-40 minutes)

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22
Q

cocaine increases dopamine levels in brain by

A

blocking reuptake of dopamine (usually happens through dopamine transporter)

23
Q

methamphetamine permanently reduces functioning in what neurons (2)

A

dopamine and serotonin

24
Q

largest cause of preventable disease/disability/death in US

25
Q

substance tolerance

A

requiring more drug/substance for similar effect

26
Q

substance tolerance in gambling addiction

A

needing to bet more to have same level of excitement

27
Q

cognitive-emotional processes involved in gambling addiction (4)

A

(1) behavioral conditioning (2) environmental cues that trigger desire to gamble (3) impulsiveness (4) impaired executive functioning

28
Q

behavioral conditioning in gambling addiction

A

gamblers are rewarded on a variable ratio reinforcement schedule, which is tough to extinguish

29
Q

effectiveness of drug education in reducing drug usage rates

A

by themselves, not effective

30
Q

reasons AA is not considered psychological or medical treatment (2)

A

(1) not operated by healthcare professionals (2) programs have no interest in improving programs based on research results

31
Q

alternative approach to alcohol abuse besides AA

A

CBT and controlled drinking approach

32
Q

methadone (3)

A

(1) agonist drug (2) treats opioid addiction (3) similar to abused drug w/out high to prevent withdrawal

33
Q

naltrexone

A

(1) antagonist drug (2) blocks dopamine receptors so that other drugs can’t create dopamine effects

34
Q

disulfiram (antabuse)

A

aversive drug used to treat alcoholic abuse

35
Q

disorders from ODD or ECCENTRIC disorders cluster A (3)

A

(1) schizoid (2) paranoid (3) schizotypal-personality disorder

36
Q

disorders from DRAMATIC, EMOTIONAL, or ERRATIC disorder cluster B (4)

A

(1) antisocial (2) borderline (3) histrionic (4) narcissistic-personality disorder

37
Q

disorders from ANXIOUS or FEARFUL disorders cluster C (3)

A

(1) avoidant (2) dependent (3) OCPD

38
Q

characteristics of a healthy self (4)

A

(1) identity (2) self-direction (3) positive interpersonal relationships (4) intimacy w/ others

39
Q

big five personality traits

A

openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

40
Q

mild version of schizophrenia

A

odd-eccentric personality disorder

41
Q

criteria for antisocial personality disorder (7)

A

(1) failure to observe social norms (2) deceitfulness (3) failure to plan ahead (4) irritability/aggressiveness&raquo_space; physical fights (5) reckless disregard for others’ safety (6) irresponsibility (7) lack of remorse when another is hurt

42
Q

characteristics of psychopath (3)

A

(1) moral insanity (2) total lack of empathy for others (3) fear of punishment

43
Q

brain of a psychopath

A

lack of functioning in prefrontal cortex

44
Q

cutting and burning oneself is associated w/ which personality disorder

A

borderline personality disorder

45
Q

behaviors of histrionic personality disorder (2)

A

excessively emotional and engage in attention-seeking behaviors

46
Q

major symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder (3)

A

(1) grandiose views of self (2) strong need for admiration (3) lack of empathy for others

47
Q

dependent personality disorder (2)

A

clingy and submissive

48
Q

avoidant personality disorder (2)

A

(1) avoidance of activities involving others or activities where they can be criticized (2) close relationships because they feel inferior

49
Q

OCD vs OC-personality disorder

A

OCD focused on things outside themselves; OCPD focused on controlling one’s domain

50
Q

OC-personaltiy disorder and control

A

controlling things is a way of life, not a behavior

51
Q

(T/F) drug usage is a relatively modern phenomenon, dating back only to the time of the Early Greek City States

52
Q

(T/F) hallucinogens tend not to produce dependence or addiction

53
Q

(T/F) those diagnosed w/ 1 personality disorder are likely to be diagnosed w/ another personality disorder + other mental illnesses

Abnormal Psychology (11 decks)

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