Module #9: Cranial Flashcards
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12 pairs
Cranial nerves are generally named after what
For their structure or function
The skull is composed of how many bones?
22 including the ear ossicles
Name a few functions of the skull
Protects the brain, contains forAmina for transmission of nerves and vessels, foundation for face
What is the strongest and largest bone in the face?
Mandible
What does TMJ stand for?
TEMPORAL MANDIBLE JOINT
What are the actions that happen at the TMJ?
Elevation, Depression, protraction, retraction, Lateral deviation
What innervates the occipitalis and frontalis?
Facial nerve
What two muscles origin is the galea aponeurotica?
Frontalis and occipitalis
What is the circle of Willis?
Loop of interconnected arteries at the base of the brain, providing blood to the brain and neighbouring structures.
What Arteries supply circulation to the anterior and posterior brain?
Anterior coratid arteries and the 2 vertebral arteries
How is reflex testing of the jaw completed?
Client is seated, therapist thumb on chin, hammer thumb
What is the three knuckle test assessing for?
Available range of depression in the mandible. Positive sign is if they can only fit 1 fingers. Should be 2-3. Cause: hypomobility
What is a positive sign of the Ye Ya Yo test?
Stretching of muscles, pain when mouth opens or unable to open mouth. Assesses for pain at the TMJ
WHAT ARE SOME POSITIVE SIGNS OF TMJ?
ASYMMETRICAL MOTION, unable to do motion,
What is the focus of TMJ exercises?
Relieving stiffness, pain, and training the jaw to go back to natural position
What are some mobilization technique rules?
1.allow gravity to assist
2. Use good. Body mechanic
4. Position client for max relaxation
3. Secure Ties Belt Buckles
Muscle info on the masseter
Origin: zygomatic Arch
Insertion: angle and ramus of mandible
Innervation: trigeminal nerve
Actions: Elevate the mandible and may assist to protract the mandible
What is the Limbic system responsible for?
Interpreting emotional responses, memories, regulation of hormones m, sensory perception, motor function, olfaction.
What is the limbic system cushioned by?
Grey Matter
What nerve is the “Stress Nerve”
Vagus Nerve
To Correct Diastasis Recti, how many days postpartum should you wait?
3 Days
Where to you redirect lymph to when an area is swollen?
To an area where the lymph nodes are working full capacity depending on the area
How deep do you work when performing MLD?
Very lightly, only superficially
What does a C & S wobble indicate for ROM testing for TMJ?
C WOBBLE- indicate capsular pattern
S WOBBLE-indicates muscular problem
Describe the shape and function of the articular disc in the TMJ.
Biconcave connective tissue, hypo vascular, lacks innervation. Central area is thinner, but more dense consistency. Peripheral region is thicker but more cushioned consistency
What important information can you give to a client with TMJ issues?
Relaxation. Hence the clenched jaw.
What is the most common disorder associated with TMJ dysfunction?
Disc displacement
Name 5 symptoms that may be linked to TMJ DYSFUNCTION
CLICKING of jaw when opening
Pain
Stiffness
Lock jaw
Ear Stiffness or loss of hearing
What is the only hyoid muscle that doesn’t attach to the hyoid bone?
Sternothyroid
What muscle is also known as the shaving muscle?
PLATYSMA
Both the occipital and frontalis attach to :
GALEA APONEUROTICA
What is the length of time for sinusitis to be considered chronic?
3 months
What cranial nerve is associated with Bell’s palsy?
Facial nerve
What cranial nerve is associated with trigeminal nueralgia?
Trigeminal Nerve
How are cranial nerves named?
According to their location and structure
Draw the circle of Willis and label your diagram
—-
What are the four different types of multiple sclerosis and what are the differences between them?
1.Relapsing admitting: period nof flare up and relapse.
2. Progressive MS: Symtpoms worsen
3. Primary progressive:no periods of remission
4. Clinically iSOLATED Syndrome: A single attack
What is good hydrotherapy for a client with MS?
Cold therapy for areas with edge a, warm therapy for after treating trigger points
What does the myelin sheath do and what does demyelination do?
Myelin sheath covers the nerve axons and allow the nerves for faster transmission. Demyelination destroys myelin, slowing down the nerve
Which hormone is being underproduced with a client that has Parkinson’s?
Dopamine
When doing ROM testing on clients with Parkinson’s, what limits their ROM?
Rigidity and tremors
What is diastases recti?
Separation of abdominal muscles what can be caused by hormones, genetics, multiple babies. Pain can be felt or just back pain.
What is anemia?
LACK OF RED BLOOD CELLS
What is bruxism?
Involuntary or habit of grinding teeth, mostly in sleep
Describe the two movements of the TMJ in the joint
- Rotation: Happens during the first 1/3 of opening jaw.
- GLIDING: Where condole slides forward in the temporal fossa
Name the three ligaments associated with the TMJ
STYLOMANDIBULAR, SPHENOMANDIBULAR, TEMPOROMANDIBULAR
Clicking or popping of the jaw during depression indicates what
Anterior disc displacement
Clicking or popping on elevation indicates what
Condole clicking back into place
Why shouldn’t rib pain be ignored in pregnant clients?
If there are any blood clots in leg, it could break off and go into lungs. Get medical help asap
What does ultrasound therapy do?
Thermal effect using heat which may increase extensibility of structure like ligaments, tendons, and scar tissues
What is the almond shaped structure also known as the emotional centre known as?
Amyglada
TMJ is a synovial joint anterior to the___
Ear
What does ginglymoarthrodial Joint mean
Ginglymus means “hinging joint”
Arthroidal means “Sliding Joint”
What is the main ligament of the TMJ? What does it prevent?
Tempormandibular- prevents excessive retraction from moving mandible backwards
What are the two minor/accessory ligaments?
Stylomandibular and SPHENOMANDIBULAR
What is the lower joint compartment formed by?
Mandible and articular disc
What is the upper compartment formed by?
Articular disc and temporal bone
What is the initial movement of the jaw when it opens?
Rotational Movement
What does the articular disc/ meniscus function as?
Moving shock absorber and stabilizer between condole and fossa
What are the cranial bones?
1 frontal
2 parental
2 temporal bones
1 Occipital
1 Ethmoid
1 sphenoid bone
What are the facial bones?
Zygomatic bone
Nasal Bone
Maxilla
Mandible
Body
Angle
Ramus
Coronoid process
Condyle
Where is a common place for aneurisms to occur?
Circle of Willis
What assigns emotional significance to our five senses?
Limbic system
What factors can impair limbic system?
Drugs, inflammation,physical or emotional trauma, chemical exposure, virus or infection
What are some disorders is the limbic system involved with?
Anxiety, depression, OCD,fibromyalgia, Chronic fatigue syndrome, food sensitivity
What are some disorders that directly damage cranial nerves?
Injuries, infections, tumours, inflammation, toxins, drugs, not enough blood supply
Why can’t you treat both SCMs at the same time?
It can compress the carotid artery
What are some things that can cause sinusitis?
Viral infection
Deviation of nasal septum
Dairy or wheat products
Upper molar abscess
Seasonal allergies
In what stage is sinusitis systematically contrainindicated and why?
Acute stage- due to sinuses being close to brain
What are the four infrahyoid muscles?
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
What are the three suprahyoid muscles?
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
What are the actions of the suprahyoids?
1.Elevate the hyoid and tongue
2. Depress the mandible at the TMJ
What are the actions of the infrahyoid muscles?
Depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
What are the actions of the suprahyoid muscles?
Elevate hyoid bone and tongue
Depress mandible
The diagastric is deep to what?
The SCM and Splenius Capitis
The innervation of the diagastric
Anterior belly: trigeminal nerve
Posterior belly: Facial nerve
What are the four muscles of mastication?
TEMPORALIS
MASSETER
MEDIAL PTERYGOID
LATERAL PTERYGOID
When is it safe to resume normal massage with a pregnant client?
6-8 weeks after as long as there is no bleeding
What are the weeks of trimesters?
1st Trimester: 1-12 weeks
2nd Trimester: 13-26 weeks
3rd Trimester: 27-40 + weeks
4th Trimester: Postpartum
How long is postpartum?
6 weeks to 1 year. 6 weeks: uterus ,cervix, and vagina return to normal
Why should you not do joint play on pregnant clients?
Relaxin
What are some contraindications for pregnant clients?
No joint play, no fetal movement within 8-10 hours,abdominal pain,bleeding,migraines, vision change, pitted edema
What is a concussion? And a treatment for it?
A mild traumatic injury caused by direct or indirect blow or force. Adjust face rest to ensure comfort, and communicate well
What are the sinus pressure points?
1.between eyes
2. Bridge of nose
3. Either side of nostrils
4. Under cheeks
5. Philtrum
6. Eyebrows
What are some stretches for the TMJ?
Jaw stretching, lateral stretches, neck stretches. Hold for 30 seconds until release or comfortable
What is the reason for muscles spasms in pregnant clients?
Lack of blood flow to body
What is shackwave therapy?
Applied directly to tissue, shockwave treats painful conditions, faster then the speed of sound, produces strong energy pulses for tissue regeneration
What articulates with every facial and cranial bone except the mandible?
Sphenoid bone
What structures are in the limbic system?
Hippocampus, hypothalamus, Amyglada, thalamus, basal ganglia,cingulate gyrus
What are the cranial nerves?
1.olfactory
2. Optic
3.Occulamotor
4. Trigeminal
5.Trochlear
6.Acousit
7. Facial
8.abductees
9. Vagus
10.glossopharyngeal
11.Spinal
12.hypoglossal nerve
