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MT-YR 2 > Module #9: Cranial > Flashcards

Module #9: Cranial Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

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2
Q

Cranial nerves are generally named after what

A

For their structure or function

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3
Q

The skull is composed of how many bones?

A

22 including the ear ossicles

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4
Q

Name a few functions of the skull

A

Protects the brain, contains forAmina for transmission of nerves and vessels, foundation for face

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5
Q

What is the strongest and largest bone in the face?

A

Mandible

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6
Q

What does TMJ stand for?

A

TEMPORAL MANDIBLE JOINT

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7
Q

What are the actions that happen at the TMJ?

A

Elevation, Depression, protraction, retraction, Lateral deviation

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8
Q

What innervates the occipitalis and frontalis?

A

Facial nerve

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9
Q

What two muscles origin is the galea aponeurotica?

A

Frontalis and occipitalis

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10
Q

What is the circle of Willis?

A

Loop of interconnected arteries at the base of the brain, providing blood to the brain and neighbouring structures.

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11
Q

What Arteries supply circulation to the anterior and posterior brain?

A

Anterior coratid arteries and the 2 vertebral arteries

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12
Q

How is reflex testing of the jaw completed?

A

Client is seated, therapist thumb on chin, hammer thumb

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13
Q

What is the three knuckle test assessing for?

A

Available range of depression in the mandible. Positive sign is if they can only fit 1 fingers. Should be 2-3. Cause: hypomobility

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14
Q

What is a positive sign of the Ye Ya Yo test?

A

Stretching of muscles, pain when mouth opens or unable to open mouth. Assesses for pain at the TMJ

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15
Q

WHAT ARE SOME POSITIVE SIGNS OF TMJ?

A

ASYMMETRICAL MOTION, unable to do motion,

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16
Q

What is the focus of TMJ exercises?

A

Relieving stiffness, pain, and training the jaw to go back to natural position

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17
Q

What are some mobilization technique rules?

A

1.allow gravity to assist
2. Use good. Body mechanic
4. Position client for max relaxation
3. Secure Ties Belt Buckles

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18
Q

Muscle info on the masseter

A

Origin: zygomatic Arch
Insertion: angle and ramus of mandible
Innervation: trigeminal nerve
Actions: Elevate the mandible and may assist to protract the mandible

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19
Q

What is the Limbic system responsible for?

A

Interpreting emotional responses, memories, regulation of hormones m, sensory perception, motor function, olfaction.

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20
Q

What is the limbic system cushioned by?

A

Grey Matter

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21
Q

What nerve is the “Stress Nerve”

A

Vagus Nerve

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22
Q

To Correct Diastasis Recti, how many days postpartum should you wait?

A

3 Days

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23
Q

Where to you redirect lymph to when an area is swollen?

A

To an area where the lymph nodes are working full capacity depending on the area

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24
Q

How deep do you work when performing MLD?

A

Very lightly, only superficially

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25
What does a C & S wobble indicate for ROM testing for TMJ?
C WOBBLE- indicate capsular pattern S WOBBLE-indicates muscular problem
26
Describe the shape and function of the articular disc in the TMJ.
Biconcave connective tissue, hypo vascular, lacks innervation. Central area is thinner, but more dense consistency. Peripheral region is thicker but more cushioned consistency
27
What important information can you give to a client with TMJ issues?
Relaxation. Hence the clenched jaw.
28
What is the most common disorder associated with TMJ dysfunction?
Disc displacement
29
Name 5 symptoms that may be linked to TMJ DYSFUNCTION
CLICKING of jaw when opening Pain Stiffness Lock jaw Ear Stiffness or loss of hearing
30
What is the only hyoid muscle that doesn’t attach to the hyoid bone?
Sternothyroid
31
What muscle is also known as the shaving muscle?
PLATYSMA
32
Both the occipital and frontalis attach to :
GALEA APONEUROTICA
33
What is the length of time for sinusitis to be considered chronic?
3 months
34
What cranial nerve is associated with Bell’s palsy?
Facial nerve
35
What cranial nerve is associated with trigeminal nueralgia?
Trigeminal Nerve
36
How are cranial nerves named?
According to their location and structure
37
Draw the circle of Willis and label your diagram
—-
38
What are the four different types of multiple sclerosis and what are the differences between them?
1.Relapsing admitting: period nof flare up and relapse. 2. Progressive MS: Symtpoms worsen 3. Primary progressive:no periods of remission 4. Clinically iSOLATED Syndrome: A single attack
39
What is good hydrotherapy for a client with MS?
Cold therapy for areas with edge a, warm therapy for after treating trigger points
40
What does the myelin sheath do and what does demyelination do?
Myelin sheath covers the nerve axons and allow the nerves for faster transmission. Demyelination destroys myelin, slowing down the nerve
41
Which hormone is being underproduced with a client that has Parkinson’s?
Dopamine
42
When doing ROM testing on clients with Parkinson’s, what limits their ROM?
Rigidity and tremors
43
What is diastases recti?
Separation of abdominal muscles what can be caused by hormones, genetics, multiple babies. Pain can be felt or just back pain.
44
What is anemia?
LACK OF RED BLOOD CELLS
45
What is bruxism?
Involuntary or habit of grinding teeth, mostly in sleep
46
Describe the two movements of the TMJ in the joint
1. Rotation: Happens during the first 1/3 of opening jaw. 2. GLIDING: Where condole slides forward in the temporal fossa
47
Name the three ligaments associated with the TMJ
STYLOMANDIBULAR, SPHENOMANDIBULAR, TEMPOROMANDIBULAR
48
Clicking or popping of the jaw during depression indicates what
Anterior disc displacement
49
Clicking or popping on elevation indicates what
Condole clicking back into place
50
Why shouldn’t rib pain be ignored in pregnant clients?
If there are any blood clots in leg, it could break off and go into lungs. Get medical help asap
51
What does ultrasound therapy do?
Thermal effect using heat which may increase extensibility of structure like ligaments, tendons, and scar tissues
52
What is the almond shaped structure also known as the emotional centre known as?
Amyglada
53
TMJ is a synovial joint anterior to the___
Ear
54
What does ginglymoarthrodial Joint mean
Ginglymus means “hinging joint” Arthroidal means “Sliding Joint”
55
What is the main ligament of the TMJ? What does it prevent?
Tempormandibular- prevents excessive retraction from moving mandible backwards
56
What are the two minor/accessory ligaments?
Stylomandibular and SPHENOMANDIBULAR
57
What is the lower joint compartment formed by?
Mandible and articular disc
58
What is the upper compartment formed by?
Articular disc and temporal bone
59
What is the initial movement of the jaw when it opens?
Rotational Movement
60
What does the articular disc/ meniscus function as?
Moving shock absorber and stabilizer between condole and fossa
61
What are the cranial bones?
1 frontal 2 parental 2 temporal bones 1 Occipital 1 Ethmoid 1 sphenoid bone
62
What are the facial bones?
Zygomatic bone Nasal Bone Maxilla Mandible Body Angle Ramus Coronoid process Condyle
63
Where is a common place for aneurisms to occur?
Circle of Willis
64
What assigns emotional significance to our five senses?
Limbic system
65
What factors can impair limbic system?
Drugs, inflammation,physical or emotional trauma, chemical exposure, virus or infection
66
What are some disorders is the limbic system involved with?
Anxiety, depression, OCD,fibromyalgia, Chronic fatigue syndrome, food sensitivity
67
What are some disorders that directly damage cranial nerves?
Injuries, infections, tumours, inflammation, toxins, drugs, not enough blood supply
68
Why can’t you treat both SCMs at the same time?
It can compress the carotid artery
69
What are some things that can cause sinusitis?
Viral infection Deviation of nasal septum Dairy or wheat products Upper molar abscess Seasonal allergies
70
In what stage is sinusitis systematically contrainindicated and why?
Acute stage- due to sinuses being close to brain
71
What are the four infrahyoid muscles?
Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid Omohyoid
72
What are the three suprahyoid muscles?
Geniohyoid Stylohyoid Mylohyoid
73
What are the actions of the suprahyoids?
1.Elevate the hyoid and tongue 2. Depress the mandible at the TMJ
74
What are the actions of the infrahyoid muscles?
Depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
75
What are the actions of the suprahyoid muscles?
Elevate hyoid bone and tongue Depress mandible
76
The diagastric is deep to what?
The SCM and Splenius Capitis
77
The innervation of the diagastric
Anterior belly: trigeminal nerve Posterior belly: Facial nerve
78
What are the four muscles of mastication?
TEMPORALIS MASSETER MEDIAL PTERYGOID LATERAL PTERYGOID
79
When is it safe to resume normal massage with a pregnant client?
6-8 weeks after as long as there is no bleeding
80
What are the weeks of trimesters?
1st Trimester: 1-12 weeks 2nd Trimester: 13-26 weeks 3rd Trimester: 27-40 + weeks 4th Trimester: Postpartum
81
How long is postpartum?
6 weeks to 1 year. 6 weeks: uterus ,cervix, and vagina return to normal
82
Why should you not do joint play on pregnant clients?
Relaxin
83
What are some contraindications for pregnant clients?
No joint play, no fetal movement within 8-10 hours,abdominal pain,bleeding,migraines, vision change, pitted edema
84
What is a concussion? And a treatment for it?
A mild traumatic injury caused by direct or indirect blow or force. Adjust face rest to ensure comfort, and communicate well
85
What are the sinus pressure points?
1.between eyes 2. Bridge of nose 3. Either side of nostrils 4. Under cheeks 5. Philtrum 6. Eyebrows
86
What are some stretches for the TMJ?
Jaw stretching, lateral stretches, neck stretches. Hold for 30 seconds until release or comfortable
87
What is the reason for muscles spasms in pregnant clients?
Lack of blood flow to body
88
What is shackwave therapy?
Applied directly to tissue, shockwave treats painful conditions, faster then the speed of sound, produces strong energy pulses for tissue regeneration
89
What articulates with every facial and cranial bone except the mandible?
Sphenoid bone
90
What structures are in the limbic system?
Hippocampus, hypothalamus, Amyglada, thalamus, basal ganglia,cingulate gyrus
91
What are the cranial nerves?
1.olfactory 2. Optic 3.Occulamotor 4. Trigeminal 5.Trochlear 6.Acousit 7. Facial 8.abductees 9. Vagus 10.glossopharyngeal 11.Spinal 12.hypoglossal nerve
92

MT-YR 2 (13 decks)

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