Module 3- Knee/Thigh Flashcards
1
Q
Largest Joint in the Body
A
Tibiofemoral
2
Q
Why is the tibiofemoral susceptible to traumatic injury?
A
Bears the weight and located at the end of two long levers
3
Q
What is the largest sesamoid bone?
A
Patella
4
Q
What are the two single movements of the knee?
A
Flexion and Extension
5
Q
In the knee, What is the most frequently injured ligament?
A
Anterior Cruciate Ligament, 3rd degree sprains and ruptures are common
6
Q
What ligament in the knee is the primary knee stablilizer?
A
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
7
Q
True or false- The Posterior cruciate ligament is broader and stronger than the ACL?
A
True
8
Q
Where is the meniscus located?
A
Lateral and Medial side of the knee between the tibia and femur
8
Q
What is meniscus?
A
Fibrocartilage in the knee
9
Q
Where can a pulse be felt?
A
where an artery lies close to the surface, near a bone or hard tissue
10
Q
Tachycardia
A
rapid resting heart rate (over 100/minute)
11
Q
Bradycardio
A
Slow resting heart rate (Under 60/Minutes)
12
Q
Systolic Meaning
A
Ventricular Contraction
13
Q
Diastolic Meaning
A
Ventricular Relaxation
14
Q
What condition is called “Jumpers Knee”?
A
Patella Tendinosis
15
Q
What is the angry Triad?
A
MCL, ACL, Medial Meniscus
16
Q
What special tests are used for ACL sprain?
A
Anterior Drawer Test, Lachman test
17
Q
What special tests are used for Meniscus tear?
A
Apley’s Compression Test and Distraction, McMurray’s test
18
Q
What special tests for ITB Friction Syndrome?
A
Noble Compression Test
Modified Ober’s Test
19
Q
What special test would you use for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome?
A
Clarkes Sign
20
Q
When is it safe for a massage therapist to start treating a strain, sprain, or contusion?
A
Subacute Stage
21
Q
What is negative space with respect to posture analysis?
A
Space between extremities and the body
22
Q
What 5 muscles comprise the adductor group?
A
Adductor magnus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus, Adductor Longus
23
Q
What is the only muscle of the adductor group that crosses the knee join?
A
Gracilis
24
Which adductor is the most posterior and thus referred to as the floor of the adductors?
Adductor Magnus
25
What is the longest muscle in the human body?
Sartorius
26
What muscles attach to the pens anserine tendon?
Gracilis, Sartorius, Semitendonosis
27
What is the purpose of checking reflexes?
Check integrity of CNS & PNS
28
Why is it difficult at times to differentiate between LCL and ITB?
Close proximity, similar function
29
What are the two primary articulations of the knee?
Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral
30
What is the largest joint in the body?
Tibiofemoral
31
What is the purpose of your mensicus?
adequate stability of the knee, the rounded femoral condyles articulate with the flat tibial plateau therefore it needs meniscis to provide better support
32
True or false- The ACL is not palable
True
33
How are ACL & PCL named?
According to where they attach to the tibia and the action that they resist
34
Post Injury-What can you expect from an injured PCL?
Tight quads, muscle spasm around knee
35
Post Injury-What can you expect from an injured ACL?
Tight hamstrings, muscle spasm around knee
36
What attaches to the anterior superior iliac spine?
inguinal ligament and sartorius
37
what muscles tendon is located directly posterior to the distal tendon of the sartorius?
Gracilis
38
what three structures create the femoral triangle?
Medially: Adduction Longus
Laterally: Sartorius
Superior: Inguinal Ligament
39
What kind of joint is the knee joint?
Synovial Hinge Joint
40
What would you massage treatment look like for Patella Pain Syndrome?
Focus on Quads, Fascia, Patella Tendon
joint play with hip and Ankle
41
What would you massage treatment look like for Chondromalacia?
Stretch Fascia
Increase strength of Vastus Medialis
42
Describe the structure of the knee
Patella articulates with femur, Femur articulates with the tibia and patella, Patellar tendon attaches to patella, patellar ligament attaches to the tibial tuberosity
43
info on medial collateral ligament:
Firmly attached to the medial meniscus, and joint capsule.
Prevents Anterior Displacement of tibia on femur.
Becomes tight with knee flexion
44
info on Lateral collateral ligament:
Rarely injured as ankle will sprain first. Sprain would be caused by direct blow on the inside of the knee. Attaches lateral femur to the head of the fibula.
45
Post injury treatment to Lateral Collateral ligament
Hypertonic abductors, TFL, AND Gluteus Max
46
What does the patella tendon do?
Keeps patella tracking correctly between femoral condyles
47
Why does meniscus have a slow healing?
Limited blood Supply
48
Where is the bakers cyst or Popliteal Bursitis located?
in the popliteal region, located between the medial femoral condyle, semimbranosous tendon and medial head of Gastroc
49
What could swelling above the knee indicate?
Suprapatellar bursitis
50
The abdominal artery breaks into what?
right and left common iliac artery at the level of L4
51
The Venous System mirrors what
The Arterial Supply
52
What are the two veins in the leg and where are they located?
Greater Saphenous- Found Medial Aspect of the leg and runs from the inguinal area to medial malleolus
Small Saphenous- found on lateral aspect of lower leg
53
What is the Greater Saphenous Vein common for?
Varicose Veins
54
How many pulse points are there?
9
55
What are the 9 pulse points?
1. Temporal Artery
2. Facial Artery
3. Common Carotid Artery
4. Brachial Artery
5. Radial Artery
6. Femoral Artery
7. Popliteal Artery
8. Posterior Tibial Artery
9. Dorsalis Pedis Artery
56
Where does a pulse point become weaker?
where it passes over the arterial system and disappears into the capillaries
57
How would you palpate the femoral pulse?
Cover the Genitalia with sheet and slightly abduct the thigh. Use three finger pads below the inguinal ligament about midway between pubic symphysis and AIIS
58
Explain Genu Valgus and Varus
Valgus- Distal end of tibia deviates laterally and distal end of femur deviates medially
Varus- Distal end of tibia deviates medially and distal and of the femur deviates laterally
59
What is Genu recurvatum?
Hyperextension in the knees. Knees bows in posterior direction.
60
What is patella Alta?
When the patella sits higher than normal, leads to anterior knee pain due to increase of patellofemoral contact force during flexion
61
Give healing time for ligament sprains
1st degree: 6 days to 2 weeks
2nd Degree: 4 - 8 weeks
3rd Degree: 4-6 months to heal then up to 1 1/2 to 2 years to regain strength but rarely comes back to 100 %
62
What are contusions?
Direct blow to muscle causing disruption in fibers and/or neurovascular supply. Bruising follows.
63
Patellofemoral Syndrome is primarily caused by what
Patella tracking disorder, when an imbalance of forces pulling on the patella and the patella does not glide evenly
64
Patellofemoral syndrome is often a precursor for what condition?
Chondromalacia Patellae - because over time the cartilage lining the underside of the kneecap degenerates, becoming uneven creating crepitis during flexion and extension of the knee
65
How do you treat patellofemoral syndrome?
Focus on quads, patellor tendon, fascia, joint play for hip, ankle, mobilize patellaH
66
How do you treat chondromalacia Patellae?
focus on knee extensors, fasica, quads, stripping techniques while moving the knee into flexion. Surgery in extreme cases.
67
What causes Meniscal damage?
Excessive Compressive Loads
crack, chip, tear
68
What are symptoms of Meniscal damage?
Sharp pain with sudden movement, swelling, locking, buckling,twisting knee during weight bearing
69
How can we treat Meniscal Damage?
Not indicated directly but good for surrounding muscles.
70
True of False: Everyone has a small bursa between the ITB and Lateral Epicondyle?
False
71
History of ITB friction syndrome
Pain with Extension and Flexion
Aching pain Lateral knee
72
How do you treat ITB friction syndrome?
Stretch and Lengthen TFL, glute max, fascial restrictions, TPs in Vastus Lateralis
73
What are the three types of Prepatellar Bursitis?
1. Acute: Direct blow
2. Chronic Non septic
3. Chronic Infected
74
How should you treat Patellar Tendinosis?
Stimulate fibroblast activity with deep friction, ice after cross fiber, reduce HT in quads
75
With a hamstring strain, where does it most often happen?
Conjoined tendon at the ischial tuberosity.
76
What is an adductor strain also called?
Groin Pull
77
Explain the two types of Diabetes Mellitus
1.Type 1: Insulin Dependent, previously called "Juvenile". Pancreas dysfunction.
1. Type 2: Non-Insulin Dependant. Pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin and body unable to use what is produced
78
What are the lower myotomes?
L2: Hip Flexioin
L3: Knee Extension
L4: Anklle Dorsiflexion
L5: Great Toe Extension
S1: Hip extension/ Ankle Plantarflexion and eversion
S2: Knee Flexion
79
Perform Lower Dermatomes
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80
What is diabetes?
Chronic condition due to difficulties with carbs, proteins, fat metabolism.
81
What are the five heat transfer methods?
"RECCC"
1. Conduction
2.Convection
3. Evaporation
4.Conversion
5.Radiation
82
What happens to make the patella shift or rotate off track?
If the groove is too shallow or if the cartilage is damaged
