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MT-YR 2 > Module 3- Knee/Thigh > Flashcards

Module 3- Knee/Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Largest Joint in the Body

A

Tibiofemoral

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2
Q

Why is the tibiofemoral susceptible to traumatic injury?

A

Bears the weight and located at the end of two long levers

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3
Q

What is the largest sesamoid bone?

A

Patella

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4
Q

What are the two single movements of the knee?

A

Flexion and Extension

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5
Q

In the knee, What is the most frequently injured ligament?

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament, 3rd degree sprains and ruptures are common

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6
Q

What ligament in the knee is the primary knee stablilizer?

A

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

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7
Q

True or false- The Posterior cruciate ligament is broader and stronger than the ACL?

A

True

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8
Q

Where is the meniscus located?

A

Lateral and Medial side of the knee between the tibia and femur

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8
Q

What is meniscus?

A

Fibrocartilage in the knee

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9
Q

Where can a pulse be felt?

A

where an artery lies close to the surface, near a bone or hard tissue

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10
Q

Tachycardia

A

rapid resting heart rate (over 100/minute)

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11
Q

Bradycardio

A

Slow resting heart rate (Under 60/Minutes)

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12
Q

Systolic Meaning

A

Ventricular Contraction

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13
Q

Diastolic Meaning

A

Ventricular Relaxation

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14
Q

What condition is called “Jumpers Knee”?

A

Patella Tendinosis

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15
Q

What is the angry Triad?

A

MCL, ACL, Medial Meniscus

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16
Q

What special tests are used for ACL sprain?

A

Anterior Drawer Test, Lachman test

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17
Q

What special tests are used for Meniscus tear?

A

Apley’s Compression Test and Distraction, McMurray’s test

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18
Q

What special tests for ITB Friction Syndrome?

A

Noble Compression Test
Modified Ober’s Test

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19
Q

What special test would you use for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome?

A

Clarkes Sign

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20
Q

When is it safe for a massage therapist to start treating a strain, sprain, or contusion?

A

Subacute Stage

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21
Q

What is negative space with respect to posture analysis?

A

Space between extremities and the body

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22
Q

What 5 muscles comprise the adductor group?

A

Adductor magnus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus, Adductor Longus

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23
Q

What is the only muscle of the adductor group that crosses the knee join?

A

Gracilis

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24
Q

Which adductor is the most posterior and thus referred to as the floor of the adductors?

A

Adductor Magnus

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25
Q

What is the longest muscle in the human body?

A

Sartorius

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26
Q

What muscles attach to the pens anserine tendon?

A

Gracilis, Sartorius, Semitendonosis

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27
Q

What is the purpose of checking reflexes?

A

Check integrity of CNS & PNS

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28
Q

Why is it difficult at times to differentiate between LCL and ITB?

A

Close proximity, similar function

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29
Q

What are the two primary articulations of the knee?

A

Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral

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30
Q

What is the largest joint in the body?

A

Tibiofemoral

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31
Q

What is the purpose of your mensicus?

A

adequate stability of the knee, the rounded femoral condyles articulate with the flat tibial plateau therefore it needs meniscis to provide better support

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32
Q

True or false- The ACL is not palable

A

True

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33
Q

How are ACL & PCL named?

A

According to where they attach to the tibia and the action that they resist

34
Q

Post Injury-What can you expect from an injured PCL?

A

Tight quads, muscle spasm around knee

35
Q

Post Injury-What can you expect from an injured ACL?

A

Tight hamstrings, muscle spasm around knee

36
Q

What attaches to the anterior superior iliac spine?

A

inguinal ligament and sartorius

37
Q

what muscles tendon is located directly posterior to the distal tendon of the sartorius?

38
Q

what three structures create the femoral triangle?

A

Medially: Adduction Longus
Laterally: Sartorius
Superior: Inguinal Ligament

39
Q

What kind of joint is the knee joint?

A

Synovial Hinge Joint

40
Q

What would you massage treatment look like for Patella Pain Syndrome?

A

Focus on Quads, Fascia, Patella Tendon
joint play with hip and Ankle

41
Q

What would you massage treatment look like for Chondromalacia?

A

Stretch Fascia
Increase strength of Vastus Medialis

42
Q

Describe the structure of the knee

A

Patella articulates with femur, Femur articulates with the tibia and patella, Patellar tendon attaches to patella, patellar ligament attaches to the tibial tuberosity

43
Q

info on medial collateral ligament:

A

Firmly attached to the medial meniscus, and joint capsule.
Prevents Anterior Displacement of tibia on femur.
Becomes tight with knee flexion

44
Q

info on Lateral collateral ligament:

A

Rarely injured as ankle will sprain first. Sprain would be caused by direct blow on the inside of the knee. Attaches lateral femur to the head of the fibula.

45
Q

Post injury treatment to Lateral Collateral ligament

A

Hypertonic abductors, TFL, AND Gluteus Max

46
Q

What does the patella tendon do?

A

Keeps patella tracking correctly between femoral condyles

47
Q

Why does meniscus have a slow healing?

A

Limited blood Supply

48
Q

Where is the bakers cyst or Popliteal Bursitis located?

A

in the popliteal region, located between the medial femoral condyle, semimbranosous tendon and medial head of Gastroc

49
Q

What could swelling above the knee indicate?

A

Suprapatellar bursitis

50
Q

The abdominal artery breaks into what?

A

right and left common iliac artery at the level of L4

51
Q

The Venous System mirrors what

A

The Arterial Supply

52
Q

What are the two veins in the leg and where are they located?

A

Greater Saphenous- Found Medial Aspect of the leg and runs from the inguinal area to medial malleolus
Small Saphenous- found on lateral aspect of lower leg

53
Q

What is the Greater Saphenous Vein common for?

A

Varicose Veins

54
Q

How many pulse points are there?

55
Q

What are the 9 pulse points?

A
  1. Temporal Artery
  2. Facial Artery
  3. Common Carotid Artery
  4. Brachial Artery
  5. Radial Artery
  6. Femoral Artery
  7. Popliteal Artery
  8. Posterior Tibial Artery
  9. Dorsalis Pedis Artery
56
Q

Where does a pulse point become weaker?

A

where it passes over the arterial system and disappears into the capillaries

57
Q

How would you palpate the femoral pulse?

A

Cover the Genitalia with sheet and slightly abduct the thigh. Use three finger pads below the inguinal ligament about midway between pubic symphysis and AIIS

58
Q

Explain Genu Valgus and Varus

A

Valgus- Distal end of tibia deviates laterally and distal end of femur deviates medially

Varus- Distal end of tibia deviates medially and distal and of the femur deviates laterally

59
Q

What is Genu recurvatum?

A

Hyperextension in the knees. Knees bows in posterior direction.

60
Q

What is patella Alta?

A

When the patella sits higher than normal, leads to anterior knee pain due to increase of patellofemoral contact force during flexion

61
Q

Give healing time for ligament sprains

A

1st degree: 6 days to 2 weeks
2nd Degree: 4 - 8 weeks
3rd Degree: 4-6 months to heal then up to 1 1/2 to 2 years to regain strength but rarely comes back to 100 %

62
Q

What are contusions?

A

Direct blow to muscle causing disruption in fibers and/or neurovascular supply. Bruising follows.

63
Q

Patellofemoral Syndrome is primarily caused by what

A

Patella tracking disorder, when an imbalance of forces pulling on the patella and the patella does not glide evenly

64
Q

Patellofemoral syndrome is often a precursor for what condition?

A

Chondromalacia Patellae - because over time the cartilage lining the underside of the kneecap degenerates, becoming uneven creating crepitis during flexion and extension of the knee

65
Q

How do you treat patellofemoral syndrome?

A

Focus on quads, patellor tendon, fascia, joint play for hip, ankle, mobilize patellaH

66
Q

How do you treat chondromalacia Patellae?

A

focus on knee extensors, fasica, quads, stripping techniques while moving the knee into flexion. Surgery in extreme cases.

67
Q

What causes Meniscal damage?

A

Excessive Compressive Loads
crack, chip, tear

68
Q

What are symptoms of Meniscal damage?

A

Sharp pain with sudden movement, swelling, locking, buckling,twisting knee during weight bearing

69
Q

How can we treat Meniscal Damage?

A

Not indicated directly but good for surrounding muscles.

70
Q

True of False: Everyone has a small bursa between the ITB and Lateral Epicondyle?

71
Q

History of ITB friction syndrome

A

Pain with Extension and Flexion
Aching pain Lateral knee

72
Q

How do you treat ITB friction syndrome?

A

Stretch and Lengthen TFL, glute max, fascial restrictions, TPs in Vastus Lateralis

73
Q

What are the three types of Prepatellar Bursitis?

A
  1. Acute: Direct blow
  2. Chronic Non septic
  3. Chronic Infected
74
Q

How should you treat Patellar Tendinosis?

A

Stimulate fibroblast activity with deep friction, ice after cross fiber, reduce HT in quads

75
Q

With a hamstring strain, where does it most often happen?

A

Conjoined tendon at the ischial tuberosity.

76
Q

What is an adductor strain also called?

A

Groin Pull

77
Q

Explain the two types of Diabetes Mellitus

A

1.Type 1: Insulin Dependent, previously called “Juvenile”. Pancreas dysfunction.
1. Type 2: Non-Insulin Dependant. Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin and body unable to use what is produced

78
Q

What are the lower myotomes?

A

L2: Hip Flexioin
L3: Knee Extension
L4: Anklle Dorsiflexion
L5: Great Toe Extension
S1: Hip extension/ Ankle Plantarflexion and eversion
S2: Knee Flexion

79
Q

Perform Lower Dermatomes

80
Q

What is diabetes?

A

Chronic condition due to difficulties with carbs, proteins, fat metabolism.

81
Q

What are the five heat transfer methods?

A

“RECCC”
1. Conduction
2.Convection
3. Evaporation
4.Conversion
5.Radiation

82
Q

What happens to make the patella shift or rotate off track?

A

If the groove is too shallow or if the cartilage is damaged

MT-YR 2 (13 decks)

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