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MT-YR 2 > Module #7: Thoracic & Lumbar > Flashcards

Module #7: Thoracic & Lumbar Flashcards

1
Q

The lumbar plexus runs from which vertebrae?

A

L1-L4

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2
Q

Which nerve roots does the lumbar plexus divide into?

A

Iliohypogastric, Ilioinguinal, Geniofemoral, Lateral Cutaneous, Femoral, Obturator

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3
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

L2-L3: Illiacus, pectineus, Sartorius, Rectus Femoris, Quadriceps

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4
Q

What is the pathway of the femoral nerve?

A

L2-L4: Motor for hip flexors and knee extensors. Sensory: skin over the anterior and medial thigh and medial side of leg and foot. Runs more medial

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5
Q

What muscles does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

biceps femoris
adductor magnus
semimbranosus
semitendonisus

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6
Q

What is the pathway for the sciatic nerve?

A

L4-S3:Runs through the greater sciatic notch or foreman,, over piriformis muscle in between greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity through posterior thigh. splits at bath of knee or above knee into the peroneal and tibial nerves.

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7
Q

What are your true ribs?

A

Ribs 1-7

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8
Q

What are your false ribs?

A

8-10

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9
Q

What are your floating ribs?

A

11-12

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10
Q

Which part of the spine is ROM limited?

A

Thoracic

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11
Q

Where does mild Kyphosis (Posterior Curvature) happen?

A

Thoracis Spine

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12
Q

Where does Mild Lordosis (Anterior Curvature) happen?

A

Lumbar Spine

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13
Q

How many facet joints are on each vertebrae?

A

Four-Allows for movement

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14
Q

True or False- Facet joints are richly innervated:

A

True

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15
Q

what are costal Facets?

A

the site where rib forms a joint with the inferior aspect of the thoracic vertebrae.

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16
Q

What are the four ligaments of the spine?

A

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Ligamentum Flavum
iliolumbar Ligament

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17
Q

What is COPD?

A

Increased mucus production in bronchioles, characterized by smooth muscle spasm. Can cause congestion compromise air passage diameters.

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18
Q

What condition commonly cause COPD?

A

Asthma

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19
Q

How do you treat COPD?

A

MFR, diaphragm stripping, increase rib capacity with joint play and rib springing. TRP decrease

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20
Q

What should you avoid with COPD?

A

essential oils, aromatherapy, deep pressure

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21
Q

What ROM do we not test and why?

A

Passive because it is too hard on the therapist’s body

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22
Q

When is bronchitis usually diagnosed?

A

When the cough is present for at least three months of the year over two consecutive years

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23
Q

What is bronchitis also know as?

A

Blue Bloater

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24
Q

what is the pathway of the Lumbar Plexus?

A

Travels Obliquely between superficial and deep heads of psoas major and anterior to QL, then roots split into anterior and posterior divisions.

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25
Origin of Multifidi and Rotators
Multifidi: Sacram and TVP'S of lumbar to cervical vertebrae Rotators: TVP'S of lumbar to cervical vertebrae
26
Insertion of Multifidi and Rotators
Multifidi: Spinous Processes of Lumbar through 2nd Cervical Vertebrae (2-4 Vertebrae span Rotatores: Same but 1-2 Vertebrae span
27
Innervation of Multifidi and Rotatores
Spinal
28
Actions of Multifidi and Rotatores
Uni-Laterally rotate vertebral column to opposite side Bilaterally extend vertebral column.
29
What is the deepest abdominal Muscle?
Transverse Abdominis
30
The action(s) of the transverse abdominis
Compress the Abdominal contents
31
Origin of the transverse abdominis
Lateral Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, internal surfaces of lower six ribs
32
Insertion of Transverse Abdominis
Rectus Sheath to linea alba
33
Innervation of Transverse Abdominis
Iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, ventral divisions.
34
what is the diaphragm pierced by?
Quadratus Lumborum and psoas major
35
Diaphragm-What side do you palpate on and why?
Left side- Liver is on right, under rib 7.
36
Origin of Serratus Posterior Superior
Spinous processes of C7-T3
37
Insertion of Serratus Posterior Superior
Posterior surfaces of 2nd through 5th ribs
38
Actions and innervation for Serratus Posterior Superior
Elevate rib during inhalation T1-T4
39
Origin of Serratus Posterior Inferior
Spinous processes of T12-L3
40
Insertion of Serratus Posterior Inferior
Posterior surfaces of the 9th through 12th ribs
41
Actions and innervation for Serratus Posterior Inferior
Depress the ribs during exhalation T9-T12
42
What is the purpose of the thoracic spine?
to protect organs by allowing ribs to attach
43
what is the purpose of the lumbar spine?
to bear the weight of the body- carries 20-25% of axial load, may reach 70 % with disc degeneration
44
What is the smallest muscle in the ESG that sits in the lamina groove?
Spinalis
45
Thickest most visible muscle part of the ESG
Longissimus
46
What three muscles composes the ESG?
Spinalis, Longissimus, iliocostalis
47
What are the actions of the ESG?
Extends the vertebral column and laterally flexes the vertebral column to the same side.
48
Origin of the Semispinalis
Transverse processes of C4-T5
49
Insertion of the semispinalis
Between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occiput
50
Actions and innervation of the semispinalis
Extends head and vertebral column-- Cervical
51
Difference between Mechanical back pain and radiating pain
Mechanical: Pain in back due to sprain, strain, SI joint dysfunction, facet joint injury Radiating: Pain in back due to facet joint irritation disc bulge or nerve compression by soft tissue.
52
Four Scoliosis terms:
Span Apex Major Curve Minor Curve
53
Two types of scoliosis
Structural and Functional
54
What does COPD stand for?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
55
what is Emphysema?
Degenerative condition by the developement of large empty spaces in place of the alveolar clusters, destruction of the alveolar Capillary Beds. Shortness of breath
56
What is emphysema also known as?
Pink Puffer
57
What is the focus of a massage treatment for disc herniation?
Reduce Muscle tightness
58
Term for when a client with scoliosis has a convex side of the curve on their right lower side, how would you label this in your notes?
Dextroscoliosis
59
What postural dysfunction in the spine will increase the load on vertebral facet joints?
Exaggerated Lumbar Lordosis
60
What clues might tell you someone has lumbar facet syndrome?
Deep aching pain at spine, sleeping prone, more pain in morning, stiffness, joint compression
61
Name five respiratory muscles
1. Scalene 2.Diaphragm 3. Sternocleidomastoid 4. Quadratus Lumborum 5. Intercostals
62
What is the focus of a massage treatment for Osteoporosis?
Position for comfort, relaxation techniques, passive joint play to promote health and nutrition, light exercises like swimming, lifting a book.
63
What is the focus of a massage treatment for Osteoarthritis?
Stretching, reduce pain, deep moist heat to soften tissues, MRF to affected joint, reduce stiffness
64
What is the focus of a massage treatment for Rheumatoid arthritis (bone attacking own joints)?
Relaxation, Diaphragmatic breathing, reduce stress, decrease pain, heat, reduce postural deviations, trps. During flare up: Cold, relaxation techniques to unaffected structures.
65
What three muscles make up the transversospinalis group?
Multifidi, Rotatores, Semispinalis Capitis.
66
What three conditions are classified as COPD?
Asthma, chronic bronchitis, Emphysema
67
What is an AROM that would compress the lumbar facet joints?
Later flexion, or extension
68
Describe the difference where symptoms would be felt for disc protrusions
Upper lumbar region-Femoral nerve down anterior medial thigh. Lower Lumbar Region: Sciatic, down posterior leg possibly down to the foot.
69
Define the terms for scoliosis
Span: The distance the curve expands (C2-T1) Apex: Vertebrae of curve, furtherst from midline Major Curve: Forms 'S' with the greatest angulation Minor Curve: happens in major curve and is the smallest angulation
70
Define functional and structural scoliosis
Functional: the soft tissues have adapted by shortening and lengthening, posture can be altered. Structural: bones altered shape due to pathology so the posture cannot be altered but soft tissues can be treated.
71
What is spondyloysis?
Vertebral stress fracture, usually pars interarticularis. Precursor to spondylolisthesis.
72
What is spondylolisthesis?
Forward slippage of vertebra (L5-S1)
73
what is Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Chronic, systematic inflammation of joint (spine).
74
What are we looking for when we do the prone knee bend test?
Nerve root compression in the lumbar nerve roots, femoral nerve. looking for neurological pain in upper quadricep area
75
True or false: Only the thoracic vertebrae articulates with ribs
True. Costo= Ribs
76
What is the purpose of our ribs?
Protects organs: Kidney, heart, lungs and limits movement in the thoracic spine
77
What are the effects of diaphragmatic breathing?
Relaxation, increased lymph flow, increased efficiency in gas exchange, helps stretching techniques, decrease pain and stress.
78
What nerve is entrapped in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
Ulnar Nerve
79
What nerve is entrapped in Piriformis Syndrome?
Sciatic Nerve
80
What nerve is entrapped in Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?
Tibial Nerve
81
This muscle attaches from Ribs 3 - 5 to the coracoid process of the scapula
Pectoralis Minor
82
This muscle attaches from Ribs 1 - 9 to the medial border of the scapula.
Serattus Anterior
83
This muscle attaches from the Middle posterior surface of the tibia to the distal phalanges of second through fifth toes.
Flexor Digitorum Longus
84
This muscle attaches from the Ischial tuberosity to the proximal medial shaft of tibia via the pes anserinus tendon.
Semitendinosus
85
This muscle attaches from the Pubic tubercle to the medial lip of the linae aspera.
Adductor Longus
86
This myotome is tested by resisting Shoulder elevation.
C4
87
This myotome is tested by resisting Ulnar deviation.
c8
88
What are the Lower Myotomes?
L2-Hip Flexion L3-Knee Extension L4-Dorsiflexion L5-Toe Extension S1-Hip Extension, Plantarflexion, Eversion S2- Knee Flexion
89
How is the Bowstring test performed?
This test is performed by Pressing the therapist's thumbs into the popliteal region to reproduce symptoms.
90
This nerve is formed by nerve roots C8 - T1
Ulnar nerve
91
This nerve is formed by nerve roots L4 - S3
Sciatic Nerve
92
This nerve is formed by nerve roots L2 - L4.
Femoral Nerve
93
This will Increase general range of motion
Axial Distraction
94
This joint is found Between ribs and the shoulder blade
Scapulothoracic Joint
95
This joint is found Between C1 and C2.
Atlantoaxial joint
96
This joint has an Articulation of 4 bones on one side, with 1 bone on the other
Radiocarpal joint
97
What are the muscles of inhalation? (4)
SCM SCALENES EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS DIAPHRAGM
98
What are the muscles of exhalation? (5)
INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS EXTERNAL OBLIQUES INTERNAL OBLIQUES TRANSVERSE ABDOMINIS RECTUS ABDOMINIS
99
Diaphragmatic is a key part of every massage treatment because:
it allows the client to achieve relaxation and to break the pain cycle,, decrease stress, increase lymph flow
100
What is an inefficient breathing pattern called?
apical breathing

MT-YR 2 (13 decks)

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