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MT-YR 2 > Module 4: Cervical > Flashcards

Module 4: Cervical Flashcards

Cervical, Neck, and Brachial Plexus

1
Q

A client tests positive in spurling test, Explain local pain:

A

Cervical Facet Joint Irritation on side being tested

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2
Q

A client tests positive in spurling test, Explain Radiating pain:

A

Neurological pain in the affected arm indicates nerve root compression

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3
Q

What nerve roots comprise of the Brachial Plexus?

A

C5-C8, T1

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4
Q

What is the nerve root path of the brachial plexus?

A

In between the anterior and middle scale, underneath the clavicle, underneath the pectoralis minor.

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5
Q

What structures can be compressed with TOS?

A

Brachial Plexus, Subclavian Artery, Subclavian Vein.

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6
Q

What are the three areas on the sites of impingement of the brachial plexus?

A

Between the middle and anterior scalene, Between the clavicle and 1st rib, between rib cage and pec minor

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7
Q

What are some conditions that can rise from Whiplash?

A

Memory loss, concentration problems, sleep impairment, fatigue, depression, distress.

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8
Q

Name structure and purpose of facet joints

A

Each Vertebrae has four facets, two superior, two inferior, and guides appropriate movement of the spine. Each has joint capsules

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9
Q

What muscle is likely in chronic spasm after whiplash?

A

Longus Colli

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10
Q

What are the structures of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, mandible, trachea

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11
Q

What does the Alar Ligament do?

A

Prevents Excessive Rotation

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12
Q

How many nerves are in the cervical spine?

A

8

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13
Q

What does the alar ligament attach to?

A

Dens of C2 (axis, limits rotation

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14
Q

What is the main support ligament for C1 (atlas) and becomes the cruciform ligament?

A

Transverse Ligament

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15
Q

What ligament runs down the anterior spine and limits extension?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)

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16
Q

What ligament runs down the anterior spine and limits extension?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)

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17
Q

What ligament runs down the posterior spine and limits flexion and distraction.

A

Posterior longitudinal Ligament

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18
Q

What are the structures of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, clavicle

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19
Q

Name 3 things in the anterior triangle

A

Carotoid artery, jugular vein, cervical lymph nodes

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20
Q

Name three things in the posterior triangle

A

Subclavian artery, jugular vein, cervical lymph nodes

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21
Q

What structures go through the axilla endangerment site?

A

Axillary, median, radial, axillary lymph nodes, axillary artery

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22
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

C8-T1

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23
Q

What does the cervical plexus innervate?

A

The skin, muscles of the head, neck, superior part of shoulders and neck
C3-5 keeps the diaphragm alive!

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24
Q

The brachial plexus is innervates the what

A

Ventral rami of the lower 4 cervical vertebrae and T1

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25
What is Hemiplegia?
Paralysis of one side of the body due to a brain lesion. Keep treatment short. Alternate between upper and lower body extremities
26
What structures can the pectoral is minor compress against the rib cage?
The brachial plexus, subclavian artery and vein
27
Name three trigger points and give description of each
Active- painful without palpation Latent-painful once palpated Satellite -found in the referral pattern of existing trigger point.
28
What are the three varieties of Torticollis?
1.acute acquired-most common variety shortening of cervical muscles which cause spasm 2. Congenital Torticollis-birthing trauma 3. Spasmodic Torticollis- results mainly from brain dysfunction.
29
What is C1 also called?
"Atlas"
30
What is C2 also called?
"Axis"
31
What is the most prominent vertebra?
C7
32
What does the supraspinous ligament do?
Connects tips of the spinous processes, limits flexion
33
What is Neurogenesis?
the birth of new neurons, particularly in the CNS, Forming in hippocampus
34
is regeneration of an Axon or dendrite possible?
Yes but only if the cell body is intact and the Schwann cell is function
35
What are the movements that happen at the cervical spine?
1. Flexion of the neck 2.Extension of the neck 3.Lateral flexion of the neck 4. Rotation of the neck
36
MUSCLE INFO: STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
O: top of manubrium and medial 1/3 of the clavicle I:Mastoid Process of the temporal bone and the lateral portion of the nuchal line of the occiput. Actions (4): Flex the neck, Laterally flex neck to same side, Rotate head and neck to opposite side, elevate ribcage during inhalation Innervation: Spinal Accessory Nerve.
37
MUSCLE INFO: PECTORALIS MINOR
O: ribs 3-5 I: Medial Surface of the coracoid process of the scapula Actions (4-ADDE)-Abduct, depress, downwardly rotate, scapula at scapulathoraic joint. Elevate ribs during forced inhalation. Innervation: Medial pectoral Nerve, part of lateral pectoral nerve.
38
Explain military neck and history
Loss of cervical lordosis. Lower part of the cervical region is extended and the upper cervical region is flexed. limited ROM, facet pain, disc compression, best viewed from side
39
Explain Forward Head Posture
Upper cervical region is extended and lower cervical region is flexed. Muscles work harder to keep head up right. tension headaches, TMJ, TRPSM in occipital muscles
40
What are the five branches of the brachial plexus?
Radial, Ulnar, Median, Axillary, Musculocutaneous
41
What is the umbrella term for a variety of conditions that may impair function of the 5 main brachial plexus nerves?
Brachial plexus injury
42
What are most brachial plexus injuries from?
Trauma: car accidents, stab, gunshot, tumor, forward head posture, blunt trauma
43
What are the four types of TOS
1.true TOS 2. Anterior Scalene Syndrome 3. Costoclavicular Syndrome 4. Pectoralis Minor
44
What is some education that you can provide clients with TOS?
- Sleep on back, no arm up behind head -Yoga and Pilates -Take breaks at work and do exercises
45
What is Herniated Nucleus Pulposus also known as?
Slipped Disc
46
What is Herniated Nucleus Pulposus?
Degeneration of annular fibers of the intervertebral discs, Occuring mainly in cervical and lumbar spine.
47
What are 5 treatments that you can do for a client with a herniated nucleus pulposus?
1.Diaphragmatic Breathing 2. MFR-Fascial spreading, skin rolling. always assess before and after. 3. trigger point therapy. with breathing 4. Decrease hypertonic muscles - muscle approx. 5. Golgi tendon release
48
What education can we provide our client with Herniated Nucleus Pulposus?
Stretch, neck through neck ROM during the day maintain proper posture lift with knees
49
What actions would hurt for facet Syndrome?
extension and lateral flexion of head and neck
50
What is the most common type of whiplash?
hyperextension- Flexion from Rear impact collision.
51
True or False: Ligaments eventually heal themselves, but take longer time than muscles or tendons
True
52
What is torticollis also known as? and what is it?
"Twisted Neck"- Involuntary muscle contractions tat lead to abnormal positions/tremors of the head and neck. head can be bent towards the affected side or face turned away from affected side. affected shoulder up
53
What causes tension headaches?
Hypertonicity of the cervical muscles. TRPs in the back of head and neck. poor posture
54
How are ROM for cervical spine done?
AROM: Seated PROM: supine MRT: Seated
55
What are the myotomes for the cervical spine?
C1-C2: Neck Flexion C3- Neck Side Flexion C4: Shoulder Elevation C5: Shoulder Abduction C6: Elbow Flexion, Wrist Extension C7: Elbow Extension, Wrist Flexion C8: Thumb Extension, Ulnar Deviation T1: Finger Intrinsic
56
What are two screening tests of the cervical spine?
Vertebral Artery Test & Chin to Chest/ looking at Ceiling Test
57
Explain the Spurling test
Tests for compression of a cervical nerve roots or facet joint irritation. Client it seated in neutral position- therapist has hands placed on head, applying a gentle pressure on head straight. If no pain, then put head in slight extension, if no pain add in rotation.
58
Do a stretch good for Head forward posture- FIT
Chin tuck, pain free, hold 15 seconds, 4X, 3 times everyday.
59
What four muscles comprise the suboccipital group?
Rectus Capitis Posterior major and minor, Oblique capitis inferior, superior
60
What passive joint motion would shorten and slacken both longus colli muscles?
Flexion of the neck
61
How are the right longus colli and left sternocleidomastoid muscles synergistic with each other?
They both flex the neck, and rotate the head and neck to same side
62
What structures are the longus colli tucked between?
Trachea and Cervical Vertebrea
63
There are numerous endangerment sites/structures in the cervical region. List some:
Jugular Vein, Coratid Artery, lymph nodes, brachial plexus
64
What is special about C1 and C2 vertebrae?
Antlanto-Occipital and Atlanta Axial Jointa. C2 has the otontoid process for C1 to pivot on.
65
What is the capsular pattern of the cervical spine?
no pattern because the joint capsules in the neck don't affect motion the same as extremity joints
66
Why does PROM of the cervical spine need to be in the supine position?
To reduce muscular contraction
67
How can a massage therapist tell the difference between a client presenting with TOS and carpal tunnel syndrome?
TOS-ulnar nerve (pink, half of ring finger) Carpal Tunnel - Median Nerve (thumb, other fingers)
68
Where is the referral area for trigger points in the SCM?
Eyes and side of head
69
There are many possible soft tissue injuries that may occur in whiplash and can create chronic, long-lasting symptoms. List some possible structures involved.
Muscle Ligament, vascular, nerve, disc vertebra
70

MT-YR 2 (13 decks)

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