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MT-YR 2 > Module 4: Cervical > Flashcards

Module 4: Cervical Flashcards

Cervical, Neck, and Brachial Plexus

1
Q

A client tests positive in spurling test, Explain local pain:

A

Cervical Facet Joint Irritation on side being tested

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2
Q

A client tests positive in spurling test, Explain Radiating pain:

A

Neurological pain in the affected arm indicates nerve root compression

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3
Q

What nerve roots comprise of the Brachial Plexus?

A

C5-C8, T1

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4
Q

What is the nerve root path of the brachial plexus?

A

In between the anterior and middle scale, underneath the clavicle, underneath the pectoralis minor.

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5
Q

What structures can be compressed with TOS?

A

Brachial Plexus, Subclavian Artery, Subclavian Vein.

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6
Q

What are the three areas on the sites of impingement of the brachial plexus?

A

Between the middle and anterior scalene, Between the clavicle and 1st rib, between rib cage and pec minor

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7
Q

What are some conditions that can rise from Whiplash?

A

Memory loss, concentration problems, sleep impairment, fatigue, depression, distress.

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8
Q

Name structure and purpose of facet joints

A

Each Vertebrae has four facets, two superior, two inferior, and guides appropriate movement of the spine. Each has joint capsules

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9
Q

What muscle is likely in chronic spasm after whiplash?

A

Longus Colli

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10
Q

What are the structures of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, mandible, trachea

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11
Q

What does the Alar Ligament do?

A

Prevents Excessive Rotation

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12
Q

How many nerves are in the cervical spine?

A

8

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13
Q

What does the alar ligament attach to?

A

Dens of C2 (axis, limits rotation

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14
Q

What is the main support ligament for C1 (atlas) and becomes the cruciform ligament?

A

Transverse Ligament

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15
Q

What ligament runs down the anterior spine and limits extension?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)

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16
Q

What ligament runs down the anterior spine and limits extension?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)

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17
Q

What ligament runs down the posterior spine and limits flexion and distraction.

A

Posterior longitudinal Ligament

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18
Q

What are the structures of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, clavicle

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19
Q

Name 3 things in the anterior triangle

A

Carotoid artery, jugular vein, cervical lymph nodes

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20
Q

Name three things in the posterior triangle

A

Subclavian artery, jugular vein, cervical lymph nodes

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21
Q

What structures go through the axilla endangerment site?

A

Axillary, median, radial, axillary lymph nodes, axillary artery

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22
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

C8-T1

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23
Q

What does the cervical plexus innervate?

A

The skin, muscles of the head, neck, superior part of shoulders and neck
C3-5 keeps the diaphragm alive!

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24
Q

The brachial plexus is innervates the what

A

Ventral rami of the lower 4 cervical vertebrae and T1

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25
Q

What is Hemiplegia?

A

Paralysis of one side of the body due to a brain lesion. Keep treatment short. Alternate between upper and lower body extremities

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26
Q

What structures can the pectoral is minor compress against the rib cage?

A

The brachial plexus, subclavian artery and vein

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27
Q

Name three trigger points and give description of each

A

Active- painful without palpation
Latent-painful once palpated
Satellite -found in the referral pattern of existing trigger point.

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28
Q

What are the three varieties of Torticollis?

A

1.acute acquired-most common variety shortening of cervical muscles which cause spasm
2. Congenital Torticollis-birthing trauma
3. Spasmodic Torticollis- results mainly from brain dysfunction.

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29
Q

What is C1 also called?

A

“Atlas”

30
Q

What is C2 also called?

A

“Axis”

31
Q

What is the most prominent vertebra?

A

C7

32
Q

What does the supraspinous ligament do?

A

Connects tips of the spinous processes, limits flexion

33
Q

What is Neurogenesis?

A

the birth of new neurons, particularly in the CNS, Forming in hippocampus

34
Q

is regeneration of an Axon or dendrite possible?

A

Yes but only if the cell body is intact and the Schwann cell is function

35
Q

What are the movements that happen at the cervical spine?

A
  1. Flexion of the neck
    2.Extension of the neck
    3.Lateral flexion of the neck
  2. Rotation of the neck
36
Q

MUSCLE INFO: STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

A

O: top of manubrium and medial 1/3 of the clavicle
I:Mastoid Process of the temporal bone and the lateral portion of the nuchal line of the occiput.
Actions (4): Flex the neck, Laterally flex neck to same side, Rotate head and neck to opposite side, elevate ribcage during inhalation
Innervation: Spinal Accessory Nerve.

37
Q

MUSCLE INFO: PECTORALIS MINOR

A

O: ribs 3-5
I: Medial Surface of the coracoid process of the scapula
Actions (4-ADDE)-Abduct, depress, downwardly rotate, scapula at scapulathoraic joint. Elevate ribs during forced inhalation.
Innervation: Medial pectoral Nerve, part of lateral pectoral nerve.

38
Q

Explain military neck and history

A

Loss of cervical lordosis. Lower part of the cervical region is extended and the upper cervical region is flexed.
limited ROM, facet pain, disc compression, best viewed from side

39
Q

Explain Forward Head Posture

A

Upper cervical region is extended and lower cervical region is flexed. Muscles work harder to keep head up right. tension headaches, TMJ, TRPSM in occipital muscles

40
Q

What are the five branches of the brachial plexus?

A

Radial, Ulnar, Median, Axillary, Musculocutaneous

41
Q

What is the umbrella term for a variety of conditions that may impair function of the 5 main brachial plexus nerves?

A

Brachial plexus injury

42
Q

What are most brachial plexus injuries from?

A

Trauma: car accidents, stab, gunshot, tumor, forward head posture, blunt trauma

43
Q

What are the four types of TOS

A

1.true TOS
2. Anterior Scalene Syndrome
3. Costoclavicular Syndrome
4. Pectoralis Minor

44
Q

What is some education that you can provide clients with TOS?

A
  • Sleep on back, no arm up behind head
    -Yoga and Pilates
    -Take breaks at work and do exercises
45
Q

What is Herniated Nucleus Pulposus also known as?

A

Slipped Disc

46
Q

What is Herniated Nucleus Pulposus?

A

Degeneration of annular fibers of the intervertebral discs, Occuring mainly in cervical and lumbar spine.

47
Q

What are 5 treatments that you can do for a client with a herniated nucleus pulposus?

A

1.Diaphragmatic Breathing
2. MFR-Fascial spreading, skin rolling. always assess before and after.
3. trigger point therapy. with breathing
4. Decrease hypertonic muscles - muscle approx.
5. Golgi tendon release

48
Q

What education can we provide our client with Herniated Nucleus Pulposus?

A

Stretch, neck through neck ROM during the day
maintain proper posture
lift with knees

49
Q

What actions would hurt for facet Syndrome?

A

extension and lateral flexion of head and neck

50
Q

What is the most common type of whiplash?

A

hyperextension- Flexion from Rear impact collision.

51
Q

True or False: Ligaments eventually heal themselves, but take longer time than muscles or tendons

A

True

52
Q

What is torticollis also known as? and what is it?

A

“Twisted Neck”- Involuntary muscle contractions tat lead to abnormal positions/tremors of the head and neck. head can be bent towards the affected side or face turned away from affected side. affected shoulder up

53
Q

What causes tension headaches?

A

Hypertonicity of the cervical muscles. TRPs in the back of head and neck. poor posture

54
Q

How are ROM for cervical spine done?

A

AROM: Seated
PROM: supine
MRT: Seated

55
Q

What are the myotomes for the cervical spine?

A

C1-C2: Neck Flexion
C3- Neck Side Flexion
C4: Shoulder Elevation
C5: Shoulder Abduction
C6: Elbow Flexion, Wrist Extension
C7: Elbow Extension, Wrist Flexion
C8: Thumb Extension, Ulnar Deviation
T1: Finger Intrinsic

56
Q

What are two screening tests of the cervical spine?

A

Vertebral Artery Test & Chin to Chest/ looking at Ceiling Test

57
Q

Explain the Spurling test

A

Tests for compression of a cervical nerve roots or facet joint irritation. Client it seated in neutral position- therapist has hands placed on head, applying a gentle pressure on head straight. If no pain, then put head in slight extension, if no pain add in rotation.

58
Q

Do a stretch good for Head forward posture- FIT

A

Chin tuck, pain free, hold 15 seconds, 4X, 3 times everyday.

59
Q

What four muscles comprise the suboccipital group?

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior major and minor, Oblique capitis inferior, superior

60
Q

What passive joint motion would shorten and slacken both longus colli muscles?

A

Flexion of the neck

61
Q

How are the right longus colli and left sternocleidomastoid muscles synergistic with each other?

A

They both flex the neck, and rotate the head and neck to same side

62
Q

What structures are the longus colli tucked between?

A

Trachea and Cervical Vertebrea

63
Q

There are numerous endangerment sites/structures in the cervical region. List some:

A

Jugular Vein, Coratid Artery, lymph nodes, brachial plexus

64
Q

What is special about C1 and C2 vertebrae?

A

Antlanto-Occipital and Atlanta Axial Jointa.
C2 has the otontoid process for C1 to pivot on.

65
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the cervical spine?

A

no pattern because the joint capsules in the neck don’t affect motion the same as extremity joints

66
Q

Why does PROM of the cervical spine need to be in the supine position?

A

To reduce muscular contraction

67
Q

How can a massage therapist tell the difference between a client presenting with TOS and carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

TOS-ulnar nerve (pink, half of ring finger)
Carpal Tunnel - Median Nerve (thumb, other fingers)

68
Q

Where is the referral area for trigger points in the SCM?

A

Eyes and side of head

69
Q

There are many possible soft tissue injuries that may occur in whiplash and can create chronic, long-lasting symptoms. List some possible structures involved.

A

Muscle Ligament, vascular, nerve, disc vertebra

70
Q
A

MT-YR 2 (13 decks)

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