module 9 Flashcards
Breathing involves two cyclic phases
Inhale and exhale
refers to the exchange of gases between the air and blood
External respiration
refers to the exchange of gases between the blood and cells of the body
Internal respiration
Gases entering the lungs need to be conditioned, or warmed and cleansed
Gas Conditioning
Where air is swirled around to become warmed and humidified
Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses
occurs by forceful expiration of air through the vocal cords in the larynx, causing them to vibrate
Sound production
Different _______ of the vocal cords produce different sounds
tensions
____________ trap particles and microorganisms from entering the nose and the respiratory system
The coarse hairs of the nostrils
What chamber of the heart does oxygenated blood re-enter after exiting the lungs?
left atrium
Pseudostratified meaning that all cells are attached to the __________ but only some reach the surface
basal lamina
The apical surface of the epithelium is covered in _____
cilia
________ can be found interspersed throughout the pseudostratified epithelium
Goblet cells
The respiratory system is made up of two portions
Conducting Portion and Respiratory Portion
Transfers inhaled air from the outside world to the lung tissue. This portion also transfers air from the lungs to the outside world
The conducting portion
The conducting portion of the respiratory system carries air to and from the lungs without __________________
contributing to gas exchang
are a collection of air filled spaces within the bones of the skull
The paranasal sinuses
Name the four paired sinuses
Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinus
Ethmoid sinus
Sphenoid sinus
The six boundaries that make up the nasal cavity
Roof
Floor
Medial wall
Lateral wall
Anterior
Posterior
The nasal cavity is mostly covered in _________ epithelium
respiratory tract
The roof of the nasal cavity is lined with _______ epithelium
olfactory
is a muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity and the larynx in the respiratory system
The pharynx
Three components make up the pharynx:
The nasopharynx
The oropharynx
The laryngopharynx
The __________ is the most superior aspect of the pharynx
nasopharynx
The _________ is the middle aspect of the pharynx. It is part of both the respiratory and digestive systems
oropharynx
The __________ is the most inferior aspect of the pharynx. It is also involved in both the digestive and respiratory systems
laryngopharynx
The nasopharynx is mostly composed of
respiratory tract epithelium
is the organ that produces sound
The larynx
This organ sits anterior to the esophagus, connecting the pharynx with the trachea and preventing food from entering the trachea
The larynx
There are three main cartilages of the larynx:
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
The ________ is a large spoon shaped elastic cartilage that functions to prevent food from passing into the trachea
epiglottis
The _______ cartilage is a ‘shield shaped’ hyaline cartilage that provides attachment for many muscles
thyroid
The ________ cartilage is a complete ring of hyaline cartilage
cricoid
The _________ are small ligaments attached to laryngeal cartilages that vibrate when air is forced out of the lungs
vocal cords
The true vocal cords are protected by the ________
false vocal cords
The trachea is made up of ________ cartilaginous rings
15-20 C-shaped
Each primary bronchus enters its respective lung on the medial side at the _______
hilus
The right primary bronchus is ___________ than the left primary bronchus
wider, shorter, and more vertical
serves to allow for gas exchange between air and blood
The respiratory portion
The right lung has _____ lobes and _____ fissures
3 and 2
The left lung has _____ lobes and _____ fissures
2 and 1
A depression on the anterior border of the left lung that accommodates the space taken up by the apex of the heart
Cardiac notch
______ of the lung is the most superior point of this organ. In the body, it sits just above the first rib
The apex
The base of the lung is known as the ____________
diaphragmatic surface
In the lungs, ________ surface is named after the adjacent ribs
The costal
The ________ surface of the lung is the medial surface
mediastinal
The _____- secretes pleural fluid to fill the space between the two membranes
pleura
The __________ is an outer serous membrane attached to the walls and floor of the thoracic cavity
parietal pleura
The _________ is a serous membrane attached to the surface of the lung
visceral pleura
Each _______ is surrounded by capillaries
Alveoli
