module 10 Flashcards
The digestive system organs are divided into two groups
- The Digestive Tract (Alimentary Canal)
- The Accessory Digestive Organn
What composes the Digestive Tract?
Mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus
The process of mastication crushes food in the mouth into smaller pieces to facilitate chemical processing
Digestion
Digested food moves slowly through the large intestine, to facilitate water and nutrient uptake into the body
Absorption
In the presence of food, cells of the stomach’s mucosal wall release gastric acid to perform chemical digestion
Secretion
Defecation is the
Removal of fecal matter
The _________ is the innermost layer of the digestive tract wall
mucosa
The _______ is the layer below the mucosa. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue
submucosa
The ____________is composed of circular and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle
muscularis externa
The outermost layer of the digestive tract is either ________
serosa or an adventitia
A single layer of thin, flat cells that form a membranous sheet and secrete lubricating fluid
Serous membrane
Composed of surface epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa
Mucosa
A layer of dense irregular connective tissue with blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, glands, ect
Submucosa
Circular and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle
Muscularis Externa
Layer that is either serous in nature, or composed of loose connective tissue
Serosa or Adventitia
The ________ is the first part of the digestive tract
oral cavity
The oral cavity consists of two parts:
The vestibule
The oral cavity proper
The _____ makes up the superior border of the oral cavity
palate
The _______ is a muscle associated with speech, taste, and the mechanical manipulation of food
tongue
The intrinsic muscles control _________
the shape
The extrinsic muscles ___________
move the tongue during chewing and speech
This anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth
frenulum
The superior and lateral surfaces of the tongue are covered in _______
papillae
________ secrete digestive enzymes and mucus to help break down food while chewing
Salivary glands
Secretes serous (watery) fluid and is located anterior and inferior to the external ear opening.
Parotid
Secretes serous and mucous (viscous) fluid and is inferior to the mandible
Submandibular
Sublingual
Secretes mucus and is inferior to the tongue
Humans have two sets of teeth. The first set are called _______ teeth. The second are called _______ teeth
deciduous and permanent
From top to bottom, the pharynx is organized
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
______ are collections of lymphoid tissue found in areas of the pharynx
Tonsils
Following the oral cavity, the ________ is the next portion of the digestive tract
esophagus
The _____________ protects the esophagus from friction as food travels from the oral cavity to the stomach
stratified squamous epithelium
In the esophagus, the upper 1/3 is only _________, the middle 1/3 is _________, and the lower 1/3 is entirely __________
skeletal, mixed and smooth
The stomach is a J-shaped organ divided into
Fundus
Body
Antrum
The _______ is continuous with the first aspect of the small intestine, known as the duodenum
antrum
The _________ is a structure that hangs off of the greater curvature of the stomach
greater omentum
Why does the stomach has three layers of muscle, while the esophagus only has two?
The stomach needs to churn food during digestion, as well as push it toward the small intestine. These actions require more muscular power
The intestines are composed of two parts
Small intestines and Large intestines
The small intestine is divided into three portions
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
The mucosa of the small intestine has ________, which are fingerlike projections
villi
The epithelium of the small intestine is found on the _______
villi
________ are permanent transverse folds that help increase the surface area for absorption
Pilcae Circulares
The submucosa of the duodenum is notable as it has _________ that secrete alkaline mucus
duodenal (Brunner’s) glands
The ________ is the terminal portion of the digestive tract
large intestine
There are three sections of the large intestine that extend from the small intestine to the anal canal
Cecum
Colon
Rectum
The ________ is the first portion of the large intestine
cecum
Four sections of the colon
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
The _____ extends from the sigmoid colon to the anal canal
rectum
In the large intestine there is an increasing amount of _______ as you move towards the anus
goblet cells
In the anal canal, a change from ________ to __________ epithelium takes place
simple columnar to stratified squamous
_________ is characterized by inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract
Crohn’s disease
