module 1 Flashcards
four areas of anatomy
histology
gross anatomy
neuroanatomy
embryology
definition of anatomy
study of structure
greek word ‘to cut apart’
what two regions is the body organized into?
axial and appendicular
what region is formed from the main vertical axis of the body?
axial region
what region include the limbs attached to the axis?
appendicular region
main difference between the axial and appendicular regions?
axial regions includes body structures along the midline
this is different from the appendicular region that is made up of structures further away from the midline
the ______ includes the bones and joints of the body
skeletal system
the ______ and ______ systems work together for movement and support
muscular and skeletal
the ________ includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves that run throughout the body
nervous system
the ________ includes glands that produce and secrete hormones
endocrine
the ______ includes blood, blood vessels and the heart
cardiovascular system
the ________ system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
urinary system
name the 7 body cavities
cranial cavity (holds brain)
vertebral cavity (holds spinal cord)
mediastinum (holds heart)
pleural cavities (holds the lungs)
abdominal cavity (holds the digestive track…)
pelvic cavity (holds the bladder and reproductive organs)
pericardial cavity (holds the aorta, pulmonary arteries and veins)
the directional term that means “away from the midline of the body” is
lateral
the elbow joint is __________ to the shoulder joint compared to the wrist joint and the shoulder joint
proximal
the trachea is _______ to the spinal cord
anterior
the ________ is a vertical plane that divides the body into left and right parts
sagittal plane
when a sagittal plane passes specifically through the midline of the body, it is referred to as the ______
midsagittal plane
the _________ is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
frontal plane
the ________ is a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts
transverse plane
________ is a plane that passes through the body at an angle
oblique plane
______ is a tissue composed of side by side cells with very little or no intervening intercellular substance
epithelium
what are the two ways cells can be layered?
simple, one cell layer thick
stratified, two or more cell layers thick
what are the three cell shapes?
squamous, flat thin and wide
cuboidal, cube
columnar, taller than they are wide
______ epithelium consists of multiple layers of epithelial cells that allows for stretching
transitional
_______ epithelium comprises only a single layer of cells and has its cell nuclei positioned in a manner suggestive of stratified epithelium
pseudostratified
the three types of fibres secreted by fibroblasts are?
collagen fibres, reticular fibres, and elastic
fibres
the _________ occupies the space between the cells and fibres of connective tissues
ground substance
thin and branched _______ appear wavy or curly and they have rubber-like material that is able to stretch
elastic fibres
these are flexible fibres with a high tensile strength
collagen fibers
_________ are thin fibres that form a branching interwoven network with no common alignment
reticular fibre
the three types of connective tissues?
CT proper
supporting CT
specialized CT
connective tissue diseases are categorized into two groups
rare genetic disorders
acquired disorders
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is an example of a genetic disorder that can cause defects in _________
collagen production
without functioning collagen, we could expect _________ in tissue
laxity or “looseness”
what is Hyaline cartilage?
tissue deigned to bear and distribute weight
what is Fibrocartilage?
though and inflexible cartilage
what is Elastic cartilage?
most flexible cartliage
