module 2

Question 1

two main components of the bone

Answer 1

outer cortical layer
inner cancellous layer

Question 2

what is the outer cortical layer?

Answer 2

made up of compact bone, which is hard and strong

Question 3

what is the inner cancellous layer?

Answer 3

made up of spongy bone, which appears porous and sponge-like

Question 4

what are the four types of bones?

Answer 4

flat
irregular
long
short

Question 5

features of long bones

Answer 5

epiphysis, knobby enlarged regions at the end
metaphysis, regions between the two
diaphysis, elongated cylindrical shaft

Question 6

the ___________ consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

Answer 6

axial skeleton

Question 7

frontal bone

Answer 7

single bone, forms the forehead

Question 8

the ________ are paired and form the lateral and inferior walls of the skull

Answer 8

temporal bones

Question 9

the ________ is a single bone, joins the cranium and facial bones by attaching with almost every other bone of the skull

Answer 9

sphenoid

Question 10

paired, forms superior and lateral surfaces of skull

Answer 10

parietal bones

Question 11

single, forms posterior wall and the base of the skull

Answer 11

occipital bone

Question 12

_______ are defined as attachments, or articulations, between the flat bones of the skull

Answer 12

sutures

Question 13

the _______ refers to the dome-shaped bony roof of the skull that encases the brain

Answer 13

cranial vault (skull cap)

Question 14

7 bones in the face

Answer 14

maxillary - 2
nasal - 2
zygomatic - 2
mandible - 1

Question 15

paired bone in the upper jaw bones

Answer 15

maxillary bones

Question 16

paired bones connected to the frontal bones, forms the bridge of the nose

Answer 16

nasal bones

Question 17

paired bones that form the cheeckbones

Answer 17

zygomatic bones

Question 18

single bone that forms the lower jaw

Answer 18

mandible bone

Question 19

what is the vertebral column composed of?

Answer 19

24 vertebrae
1 sacrum
1 coccyx

Question 20

what is the cervical spine?

Answer 20

7 vertebrae
top of the spine

Question 21

thoracic

Answer 21

12 vertebrae
middle of the spine

Question 22

lumbar

Answer 22

5 vertebrae
bottom of the spine

Question 23

sacrum

Answer 23

5 fused vertebrae
very bottom of the spine

Question 24

coccyx

Answer 24

4 fused vertebrae
end of the spine

Question 25

three basic features of a vertebra

Answer 25

1. body
2. vertebral arch
3. vertebral canal (houses the spinal cord)

Question 26

the two atypical types of vertebrae

Answer 26

C1 and C2

Question 27

what is important about the C1 and C2 vertebra?

Answer 27

yes and no movements in the head
the two fit together to allow articulation in the head

Question 28

the “jelly filled donut” located between two vertebrae, it acts as a shock absorber

Answer 28

intervertebral disc

Question 29

the lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae that allow for the passage of spinal nerves

Answer 29

intervertebral foramina

Question 30

_________ are tough cartilaginous layers that serve to resist compression on the spine

Answer 30

intervertebral discs

Question 31

formed from fused vertebrae

Answer 31

the sacrum and the coccyx

Question 32

each _______ articulates directly (individually) with the sternum

Answer 32

true ribs (pairs 1-7)

Question 33

_______ do not have a direct articulation with the sternum, they join rib 7 to indirectly articulate with the sternum

Answer 33

false ribs (pairs 8-10)

Question 34

________ have no articulation with the sternum

Answer 34

floating ribs (pairs 11-12)

Question 35

a long, flat, and twisted bone, consisting of a head, neck, tubercle, shaft (body), and angle

Answer 35

a typical rib

Question 36

_______ makes up the anterior portion of the thoracic cage

Answer 36

the sternum

Question 37

the sternum consist of three parts

Answer 37

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

Question 38

the _____ is made up of the vertabae, ribs and sternum

Answer 38

thoracic cage

Question 39

the ______ contains 30 bones, extending from the pectoral girdle to the hand.

Answer 39

upper limb

Question 40

what is the pectoral girdle is composed of?

Answer 40

clavicle and scapula

Question 41

what is the arm composed of?

Answer 41

the hummerus

Question 42

what is the forearm composed of?

Answer 42

the radius and ulna

Question 43

there are 30 bones in the ______, from the pelvic girdle to the foot

Answer 43

lower limb

Question 44

the ________, which attaches the lower limb to the axial skeleton, is formed by the hip bones

Answer 44

pelvic girdle

Question 45

what is the thigh composed of?

Answer 45

the femur

Question 46

what is the leg composed of?

Answer 46

the tibia and fibula

Question 47

an ___________, is the place where a bone meets another bone, cartilage, or teeth

Answer 47

articulation, or joint

Question 48

how are mobility and stability related in the joints?

Answer 48

the most mobile joints are the most unstable, while the most stable are the most immobile

Question 49

the four types of motions in angular joints?

Answer 49

flexion, decreases the angle
extension, increases the angle
abduction, movement away
adduction, movement towards

Question 50

what is the motion of bones sliding on one another?

Answer 50

gliding (in synovial joints)

Question 51

_________ is when a joint pivots around its own axis

Answer 51

roation

Question 52

what are the two types of roation?

Answer 52

medial, towards the midline
lateral, away from the midline

Question 53

four types of special movements?

Answer 53

supination and pronation (in the forearms)
inversion and eversion (in the foot)
circumduction (combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction)
hyperextension