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ANAT 100 > module 7 > Flashcards

module 7 Flashcards

1
Q

The two types of glands that the body can secrete

A

Endocrine and exocrine

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2
Q

Cells of these glands secrete hormones directly into the interstitial fluid

A

Endocrine

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3
Q

Glands that secrete cell products into a duct system

A

Exocrine

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4
Q

Endocrine glands release ______

A

hormones

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5
Q

Hormones act as _________

A

chemical messengers

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6
Q

The __________ is a small gland at the base of the brain that extends from the hypothalamus

A

pituitary gland

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7
Q

Known as the master gland

A

pituitary gland

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8
Q

The ________ sits anterior to the trachea and produces thyroid hormones important for metabolism

A

thyroid gland

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9
Q

The _________ are four small oval glands situated on the back of the thyroid gland

A

parathyroid glands

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10
Q

The paired _________ sit on top of each kidney

A

adrenal glands

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11
Q

The ______ is both an endocrine and exocrine gland

A

pancreas

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12
Q

Located posterior to the stomach, extending from the duodenum to the spleen

A

pancreas

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13
Q

A group of steroid hormones produced by the cortex of the adrenal gland

A

Corticosteroids

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14
Q

The physical contact between the ___________ allows for communication between the nervous and endocrine systems

A

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

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15
Q

The ________ of the pituitary is composed of glandular secretory cells

A

anterior lobe

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16
Q

Is released from the anterior pituitary acts on the thyroid gland

A

Thyroid stimulatiing hormone

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17
Q

Induces the mammary glands of the breast to produce milk

A

Prolactin

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18
Q

Is released by the anterior pituitary acts on the adrenal glands, causing them to release their hormones

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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19
Q

Stimulates growth in all cells

A

Growth hormone

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20
Q

Both act on the gonads (involved in reproduction and other functions of the body)

A

Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

21
Q

Produce pigment

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

22
Q

The __________ of the pituitary gland is also known as the neurohypophysis because it is made up of nervous tissue

A

posterior lobe

23
Q

It only releases two hormones. These hormones are produced in the hypothalamus

A

posterior lobe

24
Q

The general function of _______ is to promote reabsorption of water at the kidneys

A

Antidiuretic hormone

25
Q

The function of _______ is to promote uterine contractions during childbirth

A

oxytocin

26
Q

The anterior lobe is made up of _________, while the posterior lobe is composed of _______

A

glandular tissue and nervous tissue

27
Q

The thyroid gland is divided into three anatomical structures

A

The right lobe, the left lobe, and the isthmus

28
Q

The microscopic structure of the thyroid gland is composed of many structures called ______

A

follicles

29
Q

Each follicle is lined with ___________

A

simple cuboidal follicular cells

30
Q

A protein rich fluid secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland

A

Colloid

31
Q

Follicular cells produce two thyroid hormones

A

Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)

32
Q

They produce calcitonin, a hormone which lowers the blood calcium concentration

A

C cells

33
Q

The _________ are four small oval glands on the posterior side of the thyroid

A

parathyroid glands

34
Q

The parathyroid glands are mostly made up of _______

A

principal cells

35
Q

Principal cells produce _________

A

parathyroid hormone

36
Q

The _________ are two pyramid shaped structures that sit superior to each kidney

A

adrenal glands

37
Q

The adrenal gland can be divided into the ______ and the ______

A

medulla and cortex

38
Q

The adrenal cortex is divided into ______ layers

A

three

39
Q

The ______ produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

medulla

40
Q

Stimulation of the medulla would cause an _________

A

autonomic response fight-or-flight response

41
Q

The ______ is a long lobular organ that lies posterior to the stomach

A

pancreas

42
Q

The pancreas produces enzymes for __________

A

digestion and the hormone insulin

43
Q

The pancreas is a mixed gland, meaning

A

it has both exocrine and endocrine functions

44
Q

The pancreatic islets have two main cell types

A

alpha cells and beta cells

45
Q

_______ produce glucagon

A

Alpha cells

46
Q

A hormone that functions to increase blood glucose level

A

glucagon

47
Q

_______ produce the hormone insulin

A

Beta cells

48
Q

Functions to lower blood glucose levels

A

insulin

49
Q

When the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed

A

Type I diabetes

ANAT 100 (11 decks)

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