module 7 Flashcards
The two types of glands that the body can secrete
Endocrine and exocrine
Cells of these glands secrete hormones directly into the interstitial fluid
Endocrine
Glands that secrete cell products into a duct system
Exocrine
Endocrine glands release ______
hormones
Hormones act as _________
chemical messengers
The __________ is a small gland at the base of the brain that extends from the hypothalamus
pituitary gland
Known as the master gland
pituitary gland
The ________ sits anterior to the trachea and produces thyroid hormones important for metabolism
thyroid gland
The _________ are four small oval glands situated on the back of the thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
The paired _________ sit on top of each kidney
adrenal glands
The ______ is both an endocrine and exocrine gland
pancreas
Located posterior to the stomach, extending from the duodenum to the spleen
pancreas
A group of steroid hormones produced by the cortex of the adrenal gland
Corticosteroids
The physical contact between the ___________ allows for communication between the nervous and endocrine systems
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
The ________ of the pituitary is composed of glandular secretory cells
anterior lobe
Is released from the anterior pituitary acts on the thyroid gland
Thyroid stimulatiing hormone
Induces the mammary glands of the breast to produce milk
Prolactin
Is released by the anterior pituitary acts on the adrenal glands, causing them to release their hormones
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Stimulates growth in all cells
Growth hormone
Both act on the gonads (involved in reproduction and other functions of the body)
Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
Produce pigment
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
The __________ of the pituitary gland is also known as the neurohypophysis because it is made up of nervous tissue
posterior lobe
It only releases two hormones. These hormones are produced in the hypothalamus
posterior lobe
The general function of _______ is to promote reabsorption of water at the kidneys
Antidiuretic hormone
The function of _______ is to promote uterine contractions during childbirth
oxytocin
The anterior lobe is made up of _________, while the posterior lobe is composed of _______
glandular tissue and nervous tissue
The thyroid gland is divided into three anatomical structures
The right lobe, the left lobe, and the isthmus
The microscopic structure of the thyroid gland is composed of many structures called ______
follicles
Each follicle is lined with ___________
simple cuboidal follicular cells
A protein rich fluid secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland
Colloid
Follicular cells produce two thyroid hormones
Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)
They produce calcitonin, a hormone which lowers the blood calcium concentration
C cells
The _________ are four small oval glands on the posterior side of the thyroid
parathyroid glands
The parathyroid glands are mostly made up of _______
principal cells
Principal cells produce _________
parathyroid hormone
The _________ are two pyramid shaped structures that sit superior to each kidney
adrenal glands
The adrenal gland can be divided into the ______ and the ______
medulla and cortex
The adrenal cortex is divided into ______ layers
three
The ______ produces epinephrine and norepinephrine
medulla
Stimulation of the medulla would cause an _________
autonomic response fight-or-flight response
The ______ is a long lobular organ that lies posterior to the stomach
pancreas
The pancreas produces enzymes for __________
digestion and the hormone insulin
The pancreas is a mixed gland, meaning
it has both exocrine and endocrine functions
The pancreatic islets have two main cell types
alpha cells and beta cells
_______ produce glucagon
Alpha cells
A hormone that functions to increase blood glucose level
glucagon
_______ produce the hormone insulin
Beta cells
Functions to lower blood glucose levels
insulin
When the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed
Type I diabetes
