module 8 Flashcards
Function of blood
Transporting elements throughout the body
Regulating bodily functions
Protecting the body through immune responses
Characteristics of blood
Viscosity
Temperature
pH
The two main components of blood are:
Plasma
Formed Elements
Plasma accounts for ____ of the total volume of blood
55%
Formed elements that make up ___ of blood.
45%
Three types of formed elements
Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes are also known as ________
red blood cells (RBCs)
Contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body
Erythrocytes
RBCs lack nuclei, making them _______
“non true cells”
Thrombocytes are also known as _______
platelets
Their function is hemostasis
Thrombocytes
They originate from megakaryocytes in the red bone marrow
Thrombocytes
Leukocytes are also known as ________
white blood cells (WBCs)
Leukocytes are divided into two divisions _________ and __________
granulocytes and agranulocytes.
Granulocytes and agranulocytes can be further divided into ________
five different cell types
Blood vessels are composed of ________
three tunics (layers)
Three layers of blood cells
Tunica Externa
Tunica Media
Tunica Intima
is composed of connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibres
Tunica externa
is composed of smooth muscle and elastic fibers
Tunica media
composed of simple squamous epithelium, also known as the endothelium
Tunica intima
are large arteries near the heart, such as the aorta
Elastic arteries
__________ deliver blood to the various regions and organs of the body
Muscular arteries
_______ typically lead to large arterioles, which then lead to smaller arterioles
Muscular arteries
______ are the smallest blood vessels and are the transition between arterioles and venules
Capillaries
Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation, and returns oxygenated blood back from the lungs to the heart
Pulmonary circulation
Oxygenated blood is carried to other tissues and organs of the body, except the lungs, then deoxygenated blood returns to the heart
Systemic circulation
The heart has various layers over top of it, referred to as
coverings, or the pericardium of the heart
The pericardium is divided into two types of layers
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
Fibrous pericardium is
the most external protective covering
Serous pericardium, is further divided into two different types
Parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium
Between parietal and visceral pericardium, there is a pericardial space filled with
pericardial fluid
Decreases friction between the two layers when the heart beats
Pericardial fluid
There are four chambers of the heart
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
is the wall between the left and right atria where the fossa ovalis is found
The interatrial septum
is a depression in the interatrial septum of the right atrium
The fossa ovalis
______ are extensions or pouches that project above the chambers of left and right atria
Auricles
_______ is the depression between the atria and ventricles
The atrioventricular groove
___________ are irregular muscular ridges on the internal walls of each ventricle
The trabeculae carneae
__________ are smaller muscular projections on the internal walls of the ventricles
The papillary muscles
_______ drain oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Pulmonary veins
__________ drains the deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium
Superior vena cava
__________ drains the deoxygenated blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium
Coronary sinus
__________ drains the deoxygenated blood from the lowe
Inferior vena cava
