Module 9&10: Long-Term Memory & Stress Flashcards
forgetting increases with ____ intervals after encoding
longer
forgetting is NOT an ____ process
all or nothing
familiarity
semantic memory
recollection
episodic memory
this refers to the loss of episodic details of memories of long ago events
semanticization of remote memories (remember/know procedure)
types of LTM
explicit and implicit
what are explicit memories
occurs when learning events is accompanied by the conscious mind
two types of explicit memory
episodic = personal events/experience
semantic = facts, knowledge
what are inplicit memories
occurs when learning events is not accompanied by the conscious mind
types of implicit memories
procedural memory
priming
conditioning
this refers to performing procedures without being conscious on how to do them
procedural memory
this refers to the presentation of stimulus changing the person’s response to test a stimulus
priming
type of priming where read or heard statements are rated as true
propaganda effect
this refers to pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response
conditioning
this refers to acquiring info and transforming it into memory
encoding
this refers to transferring info from LTM to working memory
retrieval
this refers to the repitition of stimuli that maintains info but DOES NOT TRANSFER it to LTM
maintenance rehearsal
this refers to using meanings and connections to help transfer info to LTM
elaborative rehearsal
this depends on how info is encoded
memory
two depths of processing theory
shallow and deep processing
this refers to little attention to memory as it focuses on physical features resulting to poor memory
shallow processing
this refers to close attention to memory resulting to a better memory
deep processing
we learn info together with ___
context
according to baddeley’s ____ experiment, best recall occurs when encoding and retrieval occurred in the same location
diving
the memory task results improve if the type of processing used in encoding is the same type during retrieval
transfer-appropriate processing
transforms new memories from fragile to permanent state
consolidation
two types of consolidation
synaptic and systems consolidation
rapid, occurs at synapses
synaptic consolidation
gradual, reorganization of neural circuits
systems consolidation
two types of memory loss and injury
retrograde and graded amnesia
loss of memory for events PRIOR to the trauma
retrograde amnesia
memory for recent events is MORE FRAGILE than for remote events
graded amnesia
this is the REACTION of the organism to a threatening or oppressing situation (Selye, 1930)
stress
external cause
stressor
does long lasting or recurring stress detrimental to health
yes
what is the emotional state which results from DISCREPANCy between the level of DEMAND and ABILITY to cope
occupational stress
this can be a negative emotional experience associated with unpleasant feelings
stress
stressors
job control
social security
job distress
task and performance demand
job security
responsibility
physical environment problems
complexity
category of stressors
environmental
psychological
life stress
work overload, underload, and sleep deprivation
environmental stressors (NVTAL)
bnoise
vibration
thermal
air quality
lighting
psychological stressors (PCA)
psychological
cognitive appraisal
this results from perceived threat of harm or loss of self-esteem
psychological
less likely to experience stress if people feel more in control of the situation
cognitive appraisal
circumstance on the job and personal life. may be related to lack of attention, resources and effort put into the job
life stress
effects of stress (PPEipH)
psychological
physiological
efficiency of info processing
health
____ direct physiological measures of stress
no
what are some extensive questionnaire surveys?
mood checklist
psychosocial questionnaires
physiological measures
stress indicates ___
mismatch
some amount of stress INCREASES ___ and ___
aspiration, motivation
___ use of person’s capabilities lead to ___
underuse, dissatisfaction
if demands ____ indiv’s capacity to cope, ___ develops
exceed, distress
fatigue (LD)
loss of efficiency
disinclination of effort
two types of fatigue
muscular & general
muscular performance DECLINES as strain INCREASES (reduced power)
muscular fatigue
muscular fatigue has ___ movement and response time
slower
general sensation of weariness
general fatigue
other types of fatigue (EGMNCC)
eye fatigue - visual straining
general bodily fatigue - physical overloading
mental fatigue
nervous fatigue - psychomotor
chronic fatigue - long term effects
circadian fatigue
symptoms are ___almost all of the time
latent
chronic/clinical fatigue states that there is a___ weakening of drive and unwillingness to work
general
how to measure fatigue
there is no way of directly measuring the extent of fatigue
long periods of driving led to a reduced ability to discriminate bet. sensory impressions and a loss of efficiency
traffic fatigue
__ hours of driving brings a distinct lowering of alertness and increases risk of accidents
4 hrs
sleep loss leads to
fatigue: sleep deprivation & circadian rhythm
remedy to sleepiness
get more sleep - 3-4hrs
napping - 2hr after 54hrs awake; 15mins in general
sleep credits - extra sleep
program for sleep management
other sources - caffeine
assigns workers permanently to different shifts
shiftwork
measurable quantity of info processing demands
mental workload
to maintain workload level that will allow acceptable performance
mwl assessment
factors affecting MWL
MWL will increase if:
accuracy ⬆️
time demands ⬆️
# of tasks ⬆️
exposure to heat or noise
measure of MWL
primary task and secondary task measures
this directly examines the performance of the operator: task difficulty ⬆️, performance ⬇️
primary tasks measures
workload is assessed by the degree to which performance deteriorates in dual task situation
secondary task measures
