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Ergo 2 > Module 7: Attention > Flashcards

Module 7: Attention Flashcards

1
Q

ability to focus on specific stimuli. or locations in our environment

A

attention

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2
Q

attending to one thing while ignoring others

A

selective attention

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3
Q

paying attention to more than one thing at a time

A

divided attention

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4
Q

does not attend to large fraction of info

A

selective attention

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5
Q

selective processing filters some info and promote other info for _____

A

further processing

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6
Q

3 models of selective attention

A

early selection model: broadbent’s filter model

intermediate selection model: treisman’s attenuation model

late selection model: MacKay’s 19733

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7
Q

was designed to explain the results of an experiment done by Colin Cherry in 1953

A

broadbent’s filter model

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8
Q

who studied attention using dichotic listening

A

cherry

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9
Q

technique where dichotic means presenting different stimuli to left and right ears

A

dichotic listening

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10
Q

procedure of repeating the words they hear

A

shadowing

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11
Q

broadbent’s filter model shows the experiment on how

A

participants have to focus on the msg in one ear called attended ear, and repeat what they heard out loud

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12
Q

msg > SM > filter > detector > memory

A

attended msg (between filter and detector)

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13
Q

holds info for a fraction of sec

A

sensory memory

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14
Q

identifies attended msg based on physical characteristics

A

filter

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15
Q

processes all info to determine high level characteristics of the msg

A

detector

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16
Q

receives output of detector; holds infor for 10-15 sec & may transfer it to ltm

A

stm

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17
Q

limitations of broadbent’s filter model

A

name = cocktail party phenomenon
shadow meaningful msgs = dear aunt jane

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18
Q

attended msg can be separated from unattended msg early in the info-processing system

A

intermediate selection model

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19
Q

msg > attenuator > dictionary unit > to memory

A

attended msg & unattended msg (bet. attenuator & dictionary unit)

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20
Q

analyzes incoming msg in terms of physical characteristics, language, and meaning

A

attenuator

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21
Q

message that is let throught the attenuator in FULL STRENGTH

A

Attended message

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22
Q

message that is let throught the attenuator in WEAKER STRENGTH

A

unattended message

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23
Q

contains words, each of which has a threshold for being activated

A

dictionary unit

24
Q

common or important words have ___ thresholds

A

low

25
Q

uncommon words have ___ thresholds

A

high

26
Q

meaning of biasing word affected participant’s choice but participants were unaware of the presentation of the biasing words

A

MacKay

27
Q

ppl trying to ignore distracting stimuli when they focus their attention on a certain task

A

load theory of attention

28
Q

amount of info a perosn can handle ¥& sets limit on their ability to process incoming info

A

processing capacity

29
Q

difficulty of a task

A

perceptual load

30
Q

tasks that use higher amounts of processing capacity

A

high-load

31
Q

tasks that use lower amounts of processing capacity

A

low-load

32
Q

name of the word interferes with the ability to name the ink color

A

stroop effect

33
Q

rapid movements of the eye

A

saccades

34
Q

short pauses on points of interest

A

fixations

35
Q

areas that stand out and capture

A

stimulus salience

36
Q

knowledge about what is contained in typical scenes

A

scene schema

37
Q

directing attention without moving the eye

A

precueing

38
Q

one to four characters called target stimuli

schneider and shiffrin 1977

A

memory set

39
Q

could contain random dot patterns, a target, and distractors

A

test frames

40
Q

occurs without intention and only uses some of a person’s cognitive resources

A

automatic processing

41
Q

stimulus that is not attended is not perceived

A

inattentional blindness

42
Q

moving from one place to another

A

location-based

43
Q

attention being directed to one place on an object

A

object-based

44
Q

static scenes

A

environment

45
Q

dynamic events

A

specific object

46
Q

differences between 2 images are not immediately apparent

A

change blindness

47
Q

color, form, motion, and location are combined to create our perception of a coherent object

A

binding

48
Q

feature integration theory

A

object > preattentive stage > focused attention stage > perception

49
Q

analyzed into features

A

preattentive stage

50
Q

combine features

A

focused attention stage

51
Q

inability to focus attention on individual objects; ⬆️ number of illusory conjunctions were reported

A

balint’s syndrome

52
Q

attention ENHANCES ______

A

neural responding

53
Q

is distributed across a large number of areas in the brain

A

attentional processing

54
Q

monitoring several sources of info to determine occurrence of a particular event

A

selective attention

55
Q

two or more separate tasks are performed simultaneously

A

divided attention

56
Q

attention over prolonged periods

A

sustained attention

Ergo 2 (12 decks)

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