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Ergo 2 > Module 8: Short-Term & Working Memory > Flashcards

Module 8: Short-Term & Working Memory Flashcards

1
Q

what is the process involved in retaining and using info about stimuli after the original info is no lo nger present

A

memory

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2
Q

___ experience has an impact on how you think or behave now or in the future

A

past

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3
Q

developed by atkinson and shiffrin 1968

A

modal model of memory

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4
Q

types of memory (structural features)

A

sensory, short term, long term memory

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5
Q

initial stage. holds all incoming infor FOR SECONDS or FRACTIONS of seconds

A

sensory memory

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6
Q

holds 5-7 items for ant 15-20 seconds

A

short term memory

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7
Q

can hold large amount of info for years or even decade

A

long term

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8
Q

active processes that can be controlled by the person

A

control processes

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9
Q

it is the retention for brief periods of time, of the effects of the sensory stimulation

A

sensory memory

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10
Q

retention of the perception of light

A

persistence of vision

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11
Q

measuring the capacity and duration of sensory memory (sperling, 1960)

A

sperling’s experiment

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12
Q

array of letters are flashed quickly on screen and participants are asked to report as many as possible

A

sperling experiment of measuring the capacity and duration of sensory memory

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13
Q

ave 4.5 out of 12 letters (37.5%)

A

whole report method

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14
Q

participants heard tone that tells them which row of letters to report (ave. = 3.3 out of 4 letters 82%)

A

partial report method

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15
Q

presentation of tone delayed for a fraction of second after letters were extinguished (performance decreased rapidly)

A

delayed partial report method

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16
Q

the ⬇️ in performance is due to the rapid decay of ___

A

iconic memory

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17
Q

brief sensory memory of what we see (visual - for seconds)

A

iconic memory

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18
Q

brief sensory memory of what we hear (auditory- for 1 second)

A

echoic memory

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19
Q

does NOT REQUIRE attention for the attention to be maintained

A

sensory memory

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20
Q

relatively. automatic

A

sensory memory

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21
Q

to retain info (sensory memory) for LONGER periods, it must be transferred to ___

A

STM

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22
Q

stores SMALL amount of info for BRIEF DURATION

A

STM

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23
Q

includes both new info received from sensory stores and info recalled from ltm

A

stm

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24
Q

3 types of code in STM

A

visual
phonetic
semantic -meaning

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25
Q

procedure used to measure the capacity of STM

A

change detection

26
Q

7+/-2 chunks of info

A

capacity

27
Q

small units that can be combined into larger meaningful units

A

chunking

28
Q

unit of the working memory space

A

chunk

29
Q

a collection of elements strongly associated with one another but WEAKLY associated with elements in OTHER chunks

A

chunk

30
Q

strength of info DECAYS OVER TIME unless it is periodically reactivated or pulsed

A

maintenance rehearsal

31
Q

decay and time are more disruptive on material than is more similar

A

confusability and similarity

32
Q

WM is resource limited and depends on limited supply of attentional reseources

A

attention and similarity

33
Q

similar concept with STM

A

Working Memory

34
Q

storage, processing and manipulation of info, active during complex cognition

A

working memory

35
Q

baddeley’s working memory model

A

phonetic loop
central executive
visuospatial sketch pad

36
Q

two components of phonological loop

A

phonological store
articulatory rehearsal process

37
Q

has a limited capacity and holds info for only a few sec

A

phonological store

38
Q

responsible for rehearsal that keep items in the phonological store from decaying

A

articulatory rehearsal process

39
Q

3 phenomena supporting phonological loop (PSE, WLE, AS)

A

phonological similarity
word length effect
articulatory suppression

40
Q

letters or words that sound similar are confusing

A

phonological similarity effect

41
Q

the memory is better for lists that have short words than long words

A

word length effect

42
Q

takes longer to rehearse long words and to produce them during recall

A

wle

43
Q

speaking prevents one from rehearsing items to be remembered

A

articulatory suppression

44
Q

holds visual and spatial info

A

visuospatial sketch pad

45
Q

creation of visual images in the mind in the absence of physical visual stimulus

A

visual imagery

46
Q

rotating an image of one of the objects in their mind

A

mental rotation

47
Q

it is where the major work of working memory occurs bcs the control central of the working memory system

A

central executive

48
Q

controls suppression of irrelevant info

A

central executive

49
Q

mission is not to store info but to coordinate how info is used by PL and VSP

A

central executive

50
Q

central executive as being (AC)

A

attention controller

51
Q

how attention is focused on specific task, divided between two tasks, switched between tasks

A

AC

52
Q

CE is related to

A

executive attention

53
Q

repeatedly performing the same action even if not achieving the desired goal

A

perseveration

54
Q

backup store that communicates with LTM and WM components

A

episodic buffer

55
Q

holds info longer and has greater capacity than PL and VSP

A

episodic buffer

56
Q

responsible for processing incoming visual and auditory info

A

prefrontal cortex

57
Q

info is stored in ST changes in neural networks

A

stokes 2015

58
Q

types of activity-silent working memory

A

activity state
synaptic state

59
Q

causes neurons to fire

A

activity state

60
Q

neuron firing stops

A

synaptic state

Ergo 2 (12 decks)

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