Module 4: Information Theory Flashcards
what is the subdiscipline of psychology which states that the human work is above the neck?
engineering psychology
according to Wickens, C. et. al. (2013), what discipline focus on performance in the workplace that characterizes its close linkage back to ergonomics and cognitive ergonomics?
engineering psychology
what does the engineering psychology typically measures?
the big 3: speed, accuracy, attentional demand
what do engineering psychologists study in terms of cognitive phenomena?
the quality of mental model, situation awareness, and overconfidence in a decision
where is data derived from?
information
this is conveyed either as a content of a message or through direct pr indirect observation of something
information
what are the 6 types of information?
quantitative
qualitative
status
warning
representational
identification
who developed the information theory?
Claude E. Shannon
what is the purpose of information theory?
to find fundamental limits on signal processing operations
where do information theory draws its knowledge from?
statistical inferences, natural language processing, and other forms of data analysis
what starts by an environmental input or operator’s voluntary intention to act?
system environment (feedback)
for short-term sensory store, what is the reason why all sensory systems have an associated STSS?
to prolong the raw materials for 0.5 min or 2-4 sec
what does the STSS permits to be preserved temporarily and be dealt with later?
environmental information
unfamiliar circumstances remove the ability to use ______?
past experiences
what forces the perceiver to use top-down expectancies?
poor sensory quality
what happens if such expectancies are wrong?
perceptual errors can occur
what is driven by sensory inputs or by inputs from long-term memory about what events are expected?
perception
what are the 2 types of perception in human information processing model?
top-down processing and bottom-up processing
this refers to processing sensory information as it is coming in
bottom-up processing
this refers to the way it is built up from the smallest pieces of sensory information
bottom-up processing
this refers to perception that is driven by cognition
top-down processing
stimulus world > senses
bottom-up processing
experiences > knowledge
top-down processing
what operations require greater time, mental effort, or attention through rehearsal, reasoning, or image processing using working memory?
cognition
how to use our memories?
use under controlled conditions
this refers to the choices/options presented or thought of before responding when a situation occurs
response selection
this refers to the chosen action from the list of options
response execution
what is triggered when you understand a situation?
action