Module 5.2: Auditory Displays Flashcards
where is sound created?
vibrations from some source
the ______ of a physical sound is associated with the human sensation of ____
frequency, pitch
sound intensity is associated with the human sensation of ___?
loudness
frequency is expressed in?
hertz (Hz)
Hz is equivalent to?
cycles per second
what is the frequency of middle C in a piano keyboard?
256 Hz
the human ear is sensitive to frequencies between ?
20 to 20,000 Hz
how many Hz can an infant hear?
16 Hz to 20 KHz
how many Hz can older people RARELY hear?
above 12 KHz
how is sound intensity measured?
deibels (dB)
this is based on the ratio between reference pressure level (Pr) and the pressure of interest (P)
decibels (dB)
what is the sound intensity level of jet engine, explosion, thunder, riveter, and jack hammer?
deafining
what is the sound intensity level of a busy street, duplicating machines, and manufacturing?
very loud
what is the sound intensity level of street activities and typewriting?
loud
what is the sound intensity level of a conversation, radio, and aircon?
moderate
what is the sound intensity level of a soft background music at home?
faint
what is the sound intensity level of a whisper in a soundproof room?
quiet
auditory signals are composed of ?
single tones, sounds (mixture of tones), or spoken messages
these may be continuous, periodic, or uneven at timings
tones and sounds
what are some examples of tones and sounds?
horns
bells
sirens
whistles
buzzers
loudspeakers
what are recommended for wualitative information such as indication of status or for warnings?
tonal signals
what auditory display may be appropriate for all types of messages?
speech
T OR F (Principles of Auditory Displays)
Avoid extreme auditory dimensions
True
T OR F (Principles of Auditory Displays)
Do not establish intensity relative to ambient noise level
False
❌Do not
✅establish
T OR F (Principles of Auditory Displays)
use interrupted or variable signals
true
T OR F (Principles of Auditory Displays)
do not overload the auditory channel
true
T OR F (Principles of Auditory Displays; Installation)
Do not test signals to be used
false
❌do not
✅test
T OR F (Principles of Auditory Displays; Installation)
avoid conflict with previously used signals
true
T OR F (Principles of Auditory Displays; Installation)
facilitate changeover with new display
false
❌with new display
✅from previous display
what decibel (dB) should tonal signals be louder than the ambient noise?
at least 10 dB
what frequency differ from those that are dominant in the background noise?
signal frequencies
what range should a signal frequency be?
within 200 and 5,000 Hz
what is the best range of signal frequency?
500 and 1,500 Hz
what range is advantageous if signal undulates (go up or down) or warbles?
500 to 1,000 Hz
what range of frequency for travelling long distances i.e. more than 300m?
below 1,000 Hz
what range of frequency when signals have to “bend around” major obstacles, partitions, or pass through sound barriers?
below 500 Hz
T OR F (Warning and Alarm Signals)
buzzers may have frequencies as low as 250 Hz
False
❌250 Hz
✅150 Hz
T OR F (Warning and Alarm Signals)
horns may have frequencies as high as 1,000 Hz
false
❌1,000 Hz
✅4,000 Hz
in using modulated signals, how many beeps per second is required to demand attention?
1-8 beeps per second
what signals should be used to represent different conditions?
discriminable warning signals
T OR F (Warning and Alarm Signals)
Where feasible, use a separate communication systems for warnings
true
T OR F (Warning and Alarm Signals)
the maximum duration for a tonal signal should be 100ms
false
❌maximum
✅minimum
T OR F (Warning and Alarm Signals)
temporal coding can be used for the pattern of the signals
true
what are the 2 patterns of temporal coding?
rapid intermittent signal and fire alarm
this should be used for high-priority messages
rapid intermittent
a two short bursts, a long bursts, followed by a silent period
fire alarm
verbal displays may be _____ or ____ generated speech
natural or artificially
verbal messages may be _____, _____, or may consist of _____ speech
prerecorded, digitized, synthesized
what must be considered within the specified environment when hsing a speech display?
intelligibility of speech
ESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS
what evokes a more emotional response than a light or a tone?
voice stimulus
ESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS
what effect can you experience if the voice is unpleasant or the message you want to hear is one that you do not want to hear?
irritating effect
