Module 5.1: Visual Displays Flashcards
what is the whole different than the sum of its parts?
gestalt perception
what is the result of the relation between stimuli rather than the stimuli themselves?
perception
what are the six gestalt grouping principles?
proximity or nearness
similarity
uniform connectedness
good continuation
common fate or symmetry
closure
what are the five pictorial perception?
depth
aerial perspective
shading and lighting
elevation
relative size
what determines what we perceive when conflicting or simultaneous information occurs?
visual system
what does the initial decision in display design aims to?
to use visual or auditory displays
what are the ten types of visual displays?
check display
qualitative display
quantitative display
alphanumeric displays
symbolic display
digital displays
analog display
warning
caution
advisory
what type of display indicates existence of a condition?
check display
what type of display indicates status, approx. value, or trend of a changing value?
qualitative display
what type of display indicates an exact numerical value that must be read or determined?
quantitative display
what type of display used to convey detailed information?
alphanumeric display
what is the width to height ratio of a black text on a white bavkground?
1:6 to 1:8
what is the width to height ratio of a white text on a black background?
1:8 to 1:10
what type of font is usually used for text?
serif fonts
display density of alphanumeric display must be ____?
low as possible
what type of display is extensively used for facilities?
symbolic display
symbolic display must be _____, _____, and ____?
identifiable, simple, and symmetric
what type of display convey exact numeric values well but is difficult to read when changing rapidly?
digital displays
what is needed to determine the trends in digital display?
more effort
what type of display convey spatial information and trends effectively?
analog displays
what type of values does the analog display DO NOT provide?
precise values
what type of display evoke immediate attention and requires immediate response?
warning/caution
what type of display evokes general awareness of a marginal condition
advisory
what are the principles enhance effectiveness of visual displays?
conspicuity
visibility
legibility
intelligibility
emphasis
standardization
maintainability
what principle states that the visual display should attract attention and must be pocated where people are looking for prominence, novelty, and relevance?
conspicuity
what principle states that the visual display must be visible under all expected viewing conditions?
visibility
what principle states that the visual display must optimize contrast of characters to background, using font types that are easy to read?
legibility
what principle states that the visual display must have few words as possible with no acronyms or abbreviations, telling the readers what exactly to do?
intelligibility
what principle states that the visual display must include onlye important words with larger fonts and borderlines?
emphasis
what principle states that the visual display must use standard words and symbols whenever they exist?
standardization
what principle states that the visual display must be made of materials that resist aging, wear, and tear?
maintainability
what are the six light/color signals?
white
green yellow
red
flashing red
blue
what light or color signal indicate that certain functions are on?
white
what light or color signal satisfactory conditions such as “Go ahead,” “Ready,” and “Power On.”?
green
what light or color signal indicates a marginal condition exists, alertness is needed, caution must be exercised, checking is necessary, and unexpected delays exist?
yellow
what light or color signal indicates stop, system is inoperative, corrective or overriding action is needed?
red
what light or color signal indicates emergency that requires immediate action?
flashing red
what light or color signal indicates no special meaning but is used in combination with flashing red light?
blue
scales may be ____, ______, or ____?
straight, curved, or circular
T OR F (Scales and Pointers)
Graduation and numbers should be laid out such that correct readings can be taken quickly.
True
T OR F (Scales and Pointers)
Numbers should be located inside scale markings so that they are not obscured by the pointer.
False
❌ inside
✅ outside
T OR F (Scales and Pointers)
Numbers should increase from right to left, bottom to top, and clockwise.
False
❌right to left
✅left to right
in coding, information may be coded by?
shapes
shades
lines and crosshatched patterns
figures, pictures, or icons
colors
alphanumeric
T OR F (Color Displays)
Limit the number of colors in a display to five if users are inexperienced.
False
❌five
✅four
T OR F (Color Displays)
No more than 7 colors should be used.
True
T OR F (Color Displays)
Particular colors chosen should be discriminable from each other.
True
T OR F (Color Combinations)
Green, yellow, orange, red, and white colors are good combinations
true
T OR F (Color Combinations)
Blue, cyan, green, yellow, and red are a good color combination
false
❌red
✅white
T OR F (Color Combinations)
cyan, green, yellow, orange, and white are good color combinations
true
T OR F (Color Combinations)
avoid red with white
False
❌white
✅blues
T OR F (Color Combinations)
avoid reds with cyans
true
T OR F (Color Combinations)
avoid magentas with blues
true
T OR F (Color Combinations)
color of alphanumeric characters should contrast lightly with the background
false
❌lightly
✅sharply
T OR F (Color Combinations)
blue is good for backgrounds and large shapes
true
T OR F (Color Combinations)
red and green should not be used for small symbols and small shapes in peripheral areas of large displays
true
orient displays within the normal viewing area with surfaces _________ to the line of sight
perpendicular
group displays ______ or sequentially
functionally
make sure that displays are properly _____, _______, and ______ according to their function
illuminated, coded, and labeled
what are the reminders for labels?
- should be oriented HORIZONTALLY
- placed or near the item it identifies
- concise and unambiguous
- use familiar words
- vigible and legible
