Module 8 Flashcards
pairing
the process of associating yourself with good, fun things
what does pairing decrease
the value of escape
how do I know pairing is working (7)
- imitation of movement or vocals
- approaches
- reaches for items
- follows
- looks
- tolerates talkng
- accepts items from you
types of preference assessments
2 general was to conduct preference assessments
- indirect (client or caregiver report)
2. Direct preference assessment
Direct Preference Assessments (3)
- systematic preference assessment
- includes a # of procedural variations
- typically approach or duration-based measures to determine preferred items
Types of direct preference assessments (4)
- free-operant
- single item (aka single-stimulus)
- paired stimulus (aka forced choice)
- multiple-stimulus
direct preference single item (2)
- approach method
- duration method
Direct preference multiple stimulus (2)
- MSW (multiple-stimulus w/ replacement)
- MSWO (multiple-stimulus wo replacement
Single item (single stimulus) approach method (4)
- place items, one at a time, in front of the person
- mark whether they approach, avoid or make no response to the item
- reported as a % of approaches
- (# of approaches/trials item was presented) x 100
one of the logical considerations for single stimulus approach method
present each item at least 3 times
paired-stimulus (forced-choice) prefernce assessment (4)
- continue to pair until each item is paired at least once w/every other item
- record which of two items they select or if neither item is selected or if neither selected
- reported as a percentage of selections
- (# of selections/ trials item was presented) x 100
paired-stimulus (forced-choice) prefernce assessment (2)
-record which of two items they select or if neither item is selected or if neither selected
- selection of ONE item= brief access
- attempts to select BOTH item= blocked
Multiple-stimulus preference assessments (3)
- present 3-7 items simultaneously
- participants select one item from all presented items (or remaining items) during each trial
- two variations
Two variations of Multiple-Stimulus preference assessments
- w/replacement (MSW)
- w/o replacement (MSWO)
Multiple Stimulus W/ Replacement (MSW) (5)
- present all items simultaneously
- say “choose one”
- record which item is selected after each trial
- selected items are retured to the array for th next trial
- reported as a % of times selected
MSWO is for common for
multiple stimulus preference assessment
reporting for MSWO (2)
reported as a ranking/hierarchy
-items selected first are most preferred
unconditioned (primary) reinforcers
are effective at producing behavior change w/o prior learning (pairing)
ie food, water
conditioned reinforcers
those things that have become reinforcing through pairing
building new reinforcers
transitioning away from harmful reinforcers-condtioning new reinforcers
examples of transitioning away from harmful reinforcers-condtioning new reinforcers
pair sugary snack with praise to establish praise as a reinforcer
two specific schedules of reinforcement provide the boundaries between which all oher possible schedules fall (2)
- extinction
- continuous reinforcement
extinction
-actually a schedule of non-reinforcement; no occurence of the behavior is ever reinforced
continuous schedule of reinforcement (CRF) (3)
- every single response is reinforced
- this is he most reinforcement a response can earn
- generally establshes or strengthens a new behavior
goal with reinforcement schedules
to move from continuous to intermittent
intermittent reinforcement is used to
maintain behavior
intermittent schedules are classified based on the following schedules (2)
- ratio or interval
- fixed or variable
ratio reinforcement
reinforcement delivered after a certain number or responses
interval reinforcement
reinforcement delivered for the FIRST response after a certain amount of time since the last reinforcement
variable reinforcement
the # of responses, or amount of time avgs out to a particular value
types of intermittent schedules (4)
- fixed ratio
- fixed interval
- variable ratio
- variable interval
ratio means
to deliver a reinforcer for a number of responses
fixed means
its the same number of responses every time
VI3
reinforcer should be delivered the first time the learner requests it after an average of 3 minutes has passed
parameters of reinforcement (4)
- quality
- immediacy
- magnitude
- duration
answering, explaining, discussing, engaging in conversation that is evoked by other verbal stimuli
intraverbal
the individaul who provides the antecedents and consequences for the speaker
listener
communication that is reinforced by the actions of a listener
verbal behavior
functional units of language that constitute an individuals verbal repertoire. Each has diff effects on the environment
verbal operants
free operant preference assessment during which a client is allowed to freely approach and interact with items in the environment
free-operant preference assessment
process by which a client’s preferences are determined
pref assessment
fixed interval
a schedule of reinforcement in which the reinforcer is delivered for the first response after a set amount of time
Schedule of reinforcement that specifies that some responses are reinforced while others are not
intermittent schedule
behavior change system that includes conditioned reinforcers that can be exchanged for backup reinforcers
token economy
