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RBT > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Behavior (2)

A
  • can be observed, described and recorded/MEASURED

- involves movement/action

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2
Q

2 ways to observe behavior

A
  • directly

- indirectly

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3
Q

indirect observation of behavior

A

some behavior can only be observed using special instruments

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4
Q

2 tests that determine whether something is a behavior

A
  • what am I doing test

- dead person test

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5
Q

what am I doing test

A
  • can be measured

- states of being traits f`ail the test

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6
Q

if 2 or more ppl observe a behavior….

A

must agree the behavior occured

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7
Q

if only 1 person (the behaver) observed it…

A

t must pass the “what am I doing” test

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8
Q

behavior programs

A

focus on behavior that an observer can see and measure

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9
Q

topography

A

what a behavior looks like (vs fuction: what it does)

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10
Q

operant

A

behavior and its consequence

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11
Q

repertoire

A

set of behaviors that a person can do with relative ease

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12
Q

response is

A

a single instance of behavior

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13
Q

Time between when one behavior ended and the next one occurred

A

inter-response time

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14
Q

latency

A

the time a stimulus occured vs when a behavior started

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15
Q

public behavro

A

can be observed by others

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16
Q

private behavior

A

can only be experienced by the individual doing the behavior

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17
Q

Inter-response time

A

Time between when one behavior ended and the next one occurred

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18
Q

focus on behavior that an observer can see and measure

A

Behavior programs

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19
Q

behavior and its consequence

A

Operant

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20
Q

what a behavior looks like (vs fuction: what it does)

A

Topography

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21
Q

set of behaviors that a person can do with relative ease

A

Repertoire

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22
Q

a single instance of behavior

A

Response

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23
Q

the time a stimulus occured vs when a behavior started

A

Latency

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24
Q

what relationship is key in behavior analysis

A

the relationship between behavior and environment

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25
Q

relationship between behavior and environment

A

a persons behavior is changed by changes in the environment

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26
Q

relationship between environment and behavior

-direct link

A

there is a direct link between environment and behavior

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27
Q

Environment

A

everything that a person can experience that is happening around them

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28
Q

the environment is both…

A

inside and outside the organisms skin

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29
Q

internal environemnt

A

how you feel, pain, voices in head before seizure

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30
Q

as behavior interventionists we look at what aspects of environment

A

what happends in evironment before during and after target behavior occured

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31
Q

First 2 rules of doing behavior analysis

A

ID the behaver, and which behavior (of that individual) we are talking about

32
Q

Can break down ‘the environment’ into individual events called

A

stimuli

33
Q

stimulus

A
  • a change in the environment that can affect behavior

- it is an environmental event

34
Q

attenuation of a stimulus

A

stimulus is made less or smaller

35
Q

for something to count as a stimulus for a person

A

they have to have attended to/experiences it

36
Q

Ways to categorize stimuli (3)

A
  • physical aspects
  • effect on behavior
  • effect on other stimuli
37
Q

categorizing a stimulus by time (relative to the specific response) (2)

A

a stimulus can occur

-before a response or after the response

38
Q

name of two types of stimuli (related in time to the response)

A
  • antecedents

- consequences

39
Q

A-B-C

A

antecedent, behavior, consequence

40
Q

consequence

A

a stimulus that follows a response

41
Q

Two main types of consequences

A
  • reinforcement

- punishment

42
Q

Reinforcement

A

behavior is either increased or maintained by reinforcement

43
Q

reinforcer

A

a consequence that increased or maintained a particular behavior in the future

44
Q

relationship between reinforcmeent and reinforcers

A

reinforcement is the process that happens when a behavior is followed by a reinforcer

45
Q

is a reward a reinfrocer (2)

A

may or may not function as a reinforcer

defined by its future effect on behavior

46
Q

Reinforcement can be positive or negative

what each mean

A 
positive= 'added' 
negative= 'taken away'
47
Q

positive reinforcement (2)

A
  • specific stimulus is added or increased

- as result that type of response is more likely to happen again in the future

48
Q

symbol for positive reinforcement

A

S^R+

S w/subscript R+

49
Q

if an aversive condition follows a response (as a consequence) it is…

A

punishing

50
Q

if an aversive condition is an antecedent to behavior…

A

person is likley to do something to avoid or escape it

51
Q

negative reinforcement

A

a stimulus is REMOVED or reduced after a behavior, and this results in the behavior happening MORE often in future

52
Q

For negative reinforcement to occur what must be present

A

an unpleasant condition must be present before the response ocurs

53
Q

antecedent condition in negative reinforcement

A

called an aversive

54
Q

Negative Reinforcement Equation

A

Irritant - R - S^R
irritant=an aversive antecedent
R= escape response
S=irritant is removed or reduced

55
Q

unconditioned reinforcers

A

some stimuli function as reinforcers without prior learning

56
Q

examples of unconditioned reinforcers (5)

A

food, water, air, physical contact, pain reduction

57
Q

learned reinforcers

A

some stimuli BECOME reinforcing through learning

58
Q

Examples of learned reinforcers (5)

A

praise, tokens, money, games, task completion, ‘I love you’, $100 bill

59
Q

conditioned reinforcers

A

stimuli that function as reinforcers only after learning, through a process of pairing

60
Q

pairing

A

occurs when a stimulus that has no particular effect (like a clicking sound) is presented to the behavor simultaneously with an unconditioned reinforcers (like food)

61
Q

learning through pairing example

A

-looks like this
click-food, click-food, click-food
-‘click’ sound will function as conditioned reinforcer w/o need for food

62
Q

contiguity

A

nearness in time

63
Q

importance of contiguity in clicker training

A

a high degree of contiguity is key

64
Q

contiguity and the RBT

A

when conditioning reinforcers, it is important that two stimuli are presented together closely in time

65
Q

contigency (2)

A
  • exists between two events when one depends on the other

- written as if/then statement

66
Q

Contiguity, contigency and reinforcement

A

for reinforcement procedure to work, reinforcer must be delivered

  • immediately after target response (close contiguity)
    - only after the target response has occured (strong contigency)
67
Q

socially mediaated reinforcer

A

when another person provides the reinforcer

68
Q

automatic reinforcer

A

when the completion of the response is the reinforcer

69
Q

all the stimuli and conditions that can effect behavior

A

environment

70
Q

operant

A

behavior that has an effect on the environment

71
Q

reinforcer

A

a consequence that increases or maintains the future frequency of the response it follows

72
Q 
ID an element of the environment 
   A bag of chips is on the table  
    a) the chips on the table 
    b) opening the chips 
    c) eating the chips
A

a) the chips on the table

73
Q

which of these is part of a behaving organisms environment

a) the spicy taste of a hot pepper
b) watching a traffic light turn green
c) trying not to scratch a mosquito bite
d) reading a book alone in a room

A

a) the spicy taste of a hot pepper

74
Q

select all that are true of a stimulus

a) is an environmental change
b) can be inside or outside of the body
c) affects an organism through its receptors

A

all of the above

75
Q

in positive reinforcement a stimulus is _____ following a response

A

added

RBT (19 decks)

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