Module 12 Flashcards
What’s the RBT Task Number?
implement interventions based on modification of antecedents such as motivation/establishing operations and discriminative stimuli
RBT Task D-03
manipulate events in the environment that occur efore the behavior and alter those events to change the behavior
antecedent interventions
antecedent interventions help to prevent…
behaviors from occurring instead of reacting to them after they occur
how are antecedents manipulated (2)
through manipulating motivating operations and discriminative stimuli
MO’s (2)
- increase the VALUE of a consequence (stimulus)
- decrease the VALUE of a consequence
Establishing operations (EO’s) (2)
- increase the value
- make the behavior more likely
Abolishing operations (2)
- decrease the value
- make behavior less likely
AO’s and EO’s are types of…
MO’s
Noncontingent Reinforcement (NCR)
- AKA: time based stimulus delivery
- the reinforcer is delivery “for free” based on the passage of time to satiate the clients desire for the reinforcer
- stimulus delivered is linked to the function of the behavior
- decrease the EO for attention/access/ escape/ sensory stimulation
NCR: attention (3)
- provide attention after a specific amount of time, regardless of what the learner is doing at that time
- the learner no longer has to engage in prob behavior to get attention
- attenton is provided “for free”
NCR: escape (3)
- provide escape after a specific amount of time regardless of what the learner is doing at the time
- the learner no longer has to engage in prob behavior to get escape
- a break (escape ) is provided “for free”
NCR: sensory stimuli
- sensory stimulation is delivered after a specific amount of time has passed
- learner no longer has to engage in problem behavior to get sensory stimulation
- sensory stimulation is provided ‘for free’
NCR Summary
EO manipulation
decreases the motivation for the reinforcer
What makes NCR an effective antecedent intervention? (2)
- they’re getting what the want for free
- it decreases the MO for the individual to engage in the target prob behavior to get the reinforcer
environmental enrichment (3)
- adding reinforcers to the environment prior to the occurrence of prob behavior
- Decrease EO for the reinforcer (act as an abolishing operation)
- decrease likelihood prob behavior will occur
task modification is used for…
behavior maintained by escape
4 general strategies for task modification
- alter materials
- reduce effort required
- Make the demand more predictable
- deliver the demand at a diff time
Stimulus Fading In (3)
- demand initially presented at the lowest level of difficulty that does not cause prob behavior
- ie a decrease in the duration and/or # of demands presented
- as long as prob behavior remains low, the difficulty of the demand is slowly increased
High Probability Instructional Sequence (continued)
-AKA ‘High-P’; may also be called behavioral momentum
RBT Task D-05
implement extinction procedures
Extinction Procedures (4)
- attention extinction
- tangible extinction
- escape extinction
- extinction for automatically reinforced behavior
sensory extinction procedure
when the prob behavior occurs, block or ‘mask’ the sensory stimulation that the behavior typically produces
In extinction, reinforcement of previously reinforced response is …
withheld
what is required to implement extinction
knowledge of the reinforcer and abiity to withhold the reinforcer
differential reinforcement involves two components
- reinforcement for some responses
2. extinction (not reinforcing other responses)
2 applications of differential reinforcement
Based on either…(4)
environmental stimulus conditions
-reinforced behavior under certain conditions and not other conditions
OR
-Behavior
-reinforced one behavior and not others
Note on differentail reinforcement
- might not always include extinction
- extinction might not be safe to use, depending on target behavior
Other components of differential reinforcement could include… (2)
- punishment
- less reinforcement
4 differential reinforcement procedures
- Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
- Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)
- ….of incompatible behavior (DRI)
- …of low rates of responding (DRL)
DRO (2)
- reinforcer delivered if prob behavior does NOT occur for a specific period of time
- used to decrease rate of prob behavior `
Things you need to know for implementation of DRO (3)
- target behavior
- reinforcer
- DRO interval
DRO interval
time period during which behavior needs to NOT occur
Implementing DRO
Reinforcement is based upon…
the absence of problem behavior
One catch with DRO
does not specify what the learner should be doing instead
DRA (2)
- only deliver reinforcement whenever an appropriate, alternative response occurs
- used to decrease the rate of prob behavior and increase an appropriate, alternative behavior at the SAME TIME
Things need to know for implementation of DRA (3)
- target prob behavior
- alternative behavior
- reinforcer
Catch with DRA (2)
- the same reinforcer that maintains the problem behavior is now only delivered for the appropriate, alternative behavior
- it competes with the prob behavior
Functional Communication Training (FCT) (3)
- type of DRA
- communication response is taught to replace the problem behavior
- only deliver the reinforcer whenever the communicative response occurs
Type of communication responses taught in FCT (4)
- sign language
- picture exchange system
- vocal language
- voice output devices
In a DRA procedure, the appropriate alternative behavior should always …
compete with the target problem behavior
Differeintial reinforcement for incompatible behavior (2)
- reinforcement delivered for a response that is physically incompatible w/the target prob behavior
- used to decrease the rate of the problem
Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding (DRL)(2)
-Reinforcement is delivered if the target behavior occurs at or below a specific number of times in a given time period
DRL is used to…
decrease behaviors that are occurring too much
Things need to know for implementaton of DRL (3)
- target behavior
- reinforcer
- max number (criterion for reinforcement
D-03
implement interventions based on modification of antecedents such as motivation/establishing operations and discriminatve stimuli
D-04
implement differential reinforcement procedures
the two processes typically involved in differential reinfrocement procedures
- reinfrocement
- extinction
interventions that manipulate events in the environment that occur before the behavior and alter those events to change behavior
antecedent interventions
attention is withheld following an occurrence of problem behavior
attention extinction
behavior reduction procedure in which the functional reinforcer is delivered if the problem behavior does not occur for a specific time period
DRO
antecedent intervention in which the learner is allowed to pick various aspects of activities and tasks which can make the task more preferred or enjoyable
provide choice
antecedent interventions help to prevent problem behavior by
using abolishing operations (AOs) to decrease the value of whatever reinforcer maintains the problem behavior
