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Dental Medicine 1 > Module 7 (part of test 3) > Flashcards

Module 7 (part of test 3) Flashcards

1
Q

The endocrine system is a ______ gland that distributes hormones _______ via the _____ system?

A

ductless
through body
vascular (blood)

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2
Q

What is the most important application of endocrine drugs?

A

replacement therapy

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3
Q

Endocrine system drugs can either affect the _____ or ______ of the hormones?

A

secretion

synthesis

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4
Q

What gland releases hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland?

A

hypothalamus

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5
Q

What endocrine gland is the MASTER gland?

A

Pituitary

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6
Q

A thyroid ANTAGONIST hormone _____ serum thyroid levels?

A

lowers

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7
Q

What was the initial therapy for hyperthyroidism?

A

Beta Blockers

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8
Q

What drug used in hyperthyroid disorders is used to KILL part of the gland?

A

Radioactive Iodine

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9
Q

What do patients have to do AFTER radioactive iodine treatment?

A

take thyroid supplements for life

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10
Q

What hyperthyroid drug is known to cause leukopenia and liver damage?

A

PTU- propylthiouracil

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11
Q

Tapazole is _______ times more potent than PTU and is used in ________ treatment because it interferes with _______?

A

10
hyperthyroidism
iodine uptake

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12
Q

What type of thyroid disorder is easier to treat? Hyper or Hypo?

A

hypo

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13
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat hypothyroidism?

A

Synthroid

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14
Q

Synthroid is a synthetic _____ that is similar to the natural one?

A

T4

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15
Q

What hypothyroid drug requires daily dosing and is harder to monitor?

A

Cytomel

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16
Q

What hypothyroid drug has synthetic T4 and T3 and is therefore controversial?

A

Thyrolar

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17
Q

______ is the name of a natural thyroid hormone that comes from pig, beef, or sheep’s thyroids.

A

Armour

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18
Q

What is the problem with the Armour thyroid medication?

A

hard to predict and monitor

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19
Q

In order to use a oral hypoglycemic the patient must have?

A

some beta cells (type 2 diabetes)

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20
Q

What was the 1st oral agent used to treat type 2 diabetes? (when diet and exercise failed)

A

Sulfonylureas

21
Q

What is the 1st generation PROTOTYPE oral hypoglycemic?

A

Diabinase——– then…. Orinase

22
Q

Sulfonylureas can decrease blood glucose by ______% but are most effective when ______ is controlled?

A

20

weight

23
Q

What drug was the 2nd generation oral hypoglycemic?

A

Glucotrol

24
Q

Glucotrol use increases the risk of ______ to the patient?

A

hypoglycemia

25
Q

What NEW oral hypoglycemic, that is similar to sulfonylureas, is faster but MORE expensive?

A

Prandin ( a meglitinide )

26
Q

The 1st recombinant (human) insulin was made in _______?

A

1982

27
Q

Insulin is given to the patient when the ______ can’t produce any/enough insulin to facilitate ________ Intake?

A

pancreas

glucose

28
Q

What is a FAST-ACTING subcutaneous Anti-diabetic?

A

Novolog (pen)

29
Q

What is a SHORT-ACTING subcutaneous anti-diabetic?

A

Humulin-R

30
Q

What is an INTERMEDIATE-ACTING subcutaneous anti-diabetic?

A

Humulin-N

31
Q

_____ is a LONG acting insulin that doesn’t have to be administered as often?

A

Lantus

32
Q

Do we have to use caution with epinephrine in LA with diabetic patients?

A

yes

33
Q

Glucocorticoids, Mineralcorticoids, and Androgens are produced from what gland?

A

Adrenal Cortex

34
Q

If we secrete NOT ENOUGH glucocorticoids our body has a bad ______/_______ response?

A

immune

stress

35
Q

Aldosterone is the main ________ and is responsible for retaining ______ and eliminating _______?

A

mineralcorticoid
sodium
potassium

36
Q

Addison’s is due to a ______ of gluococorticoids?

A

hypo-secretion

37
Q

Cushing’s is due to a ________ secretion of corticosteroids?

A

excessive

38
Q

Glucocorticoids deal with _______ rather than ______ treatment?

A

palliative

curative

39
Q

Glucocorticoids are potent _____-______ agents that suppress _______?

A

anti-inflammatory

histamine

40
Q

The corticosteroid steroid to receptor complex goes into the ______ of a cell and turns the ______ on or off?

A

nucleus

gene

41
Q

A buffalo hump is a clinical sign of what disease?

A

Cushing’s

42
Q

Corticosteroids cause an elevated _____ ____ and a ______ resistance to infection?

A

Blood Glucose

decreased

43
Q

What is a common TOPICAL corticosteroid?

A

hydrocortisone (cortaid)

44
Q

What is the common IV/IM corticosteroid?

A

Decadron

45
Q

Kenalog is a type of _____ corticosteroid?

A

aeresol

46
Q

______ is an oral corticosteroid that can cause neoplasias?

A

Prednisone (detasone)

47
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids can cause what 2 oral side effects?

A

candidiasis

xerostomia

48
Q

What are the 2 GENERAL side effects of corticosteroid use?

A

mucosal healing is slow

more susceptible to infections (perio)

Dental Medicine 1 (11 decks)

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