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Dental Medicine 1 > Module 10 (part of test 4) > Flashcards

Module 10 (part of test 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins have a ___ _____ _____ structure?

A

beta-lactam ring

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2
Q

Penicillins interfere with?

A

bacterial cell wall synthesis

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3
Q

Narrow spectrum antibiotics are effective agains what bacteria?

A

gram -

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4
Q

Gram + bacteria have an increased _____ in their cell wall?

A

peptidoglycan

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5
Q

Penicillin resistant bacteria produce?

A

B-lactanase

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6
Q

What is added to penicillin to restore its effectiveness against resistant strains?

A

Clavulanate

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7
Q

Amoxicillin + Clavulanate = _________

A

Augmentin

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8
Q

What is the prototype natural penicillin?

A

Penicillin-G

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9
Q

NAme 1 Narrow spectrum NATURAL penicillin?

A

Penicillin-V

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10
Q

You should take narrow spectrum antibiotics with ______ to protect your GI and with ______ to protect your esophagus?

A

yogurt

water

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11
Q

Amoxicillin and Trimox are examples of?

A

broad spectrum antibiotics

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12
Q

What drug has a broader range than penicillins and has similar actions?

A

cephalosporins

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13
Q

What is the 1st Generation cephalosporin?

A

Keflex

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14
Q

What is the name of the 2nd Generation cephalosporin and what is the difference from the 1st generation?

A

Ceclor

affects gram - also

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15
Q

What is the name of the 3rd Generation Cephalosporin? What makes it special?

A

Rocephin
Used in conjunction with L/A
Is a broad gram (-)

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16
Q

What Cephalosporin is used in the treatment of MRSA?

A

Maxipime

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17
Q

Cephalosporins affect _____ bacteria, NOT _____

A

aerobic

anaerobic

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18
Q

What medication is good for the treatment of dental infections?

A

penicillin

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19
Q

What medication is effective STRICTLY fro Anaerobic bacteria?

A

Nitroimadazoles

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20
Q

What nitroimadazole is used widely in dentistry?

A

Flagyl

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21
Q

We should avoid giving out ______ when a patient is on Flagyl?

A

alcohol mouthrinses

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22
Q

What broad spectrum medication inhibits DNA replication?

A

Quinolones

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23
Q

What are 2 Quinolones used as outpatient antibiotics?

A

Lipro

Levaquin

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24
Q

What medication is given to patients who are allergic to penicillin?

A

Z-pack (erythromycin)

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25
Q

What medications are bacteriostatic and similar to erythromycin?

A

Macrolides

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26
Q

Name 2 types of Macrolides?

A

Zirhromax

Biaxin

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27
Q

What Macrolide is used in the treatment of Periodontal Disease?

A

Zithromax

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28
Q

What medication inhibits the production and secretion of collagenase by the PMN’s

A

Tetracyclines

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29
Q

What medication is indicated for CHRONIC periodontal disease?

A

Doxycycline (20mg) * Periostat *

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30
Q

What is the name of the topical doxycycline?

A

Atridox

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31
Q

Why is doxycycline so good in the treatment of Periodontal Disease?

A

has a high affinity for gingival crevicular fluid

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32
Q

Kids age ______ and under shouldn’t take tetracycline?

A

8

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33
Q

What affect does Demerol have when given to kids?

A

excitability

reverse side effect

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34
Q

Analgesia means?

A

pain reduction/relief

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35
Q

Is pressure still felt with analgesia?

A

yes

36
Q

Anesthesia means?

A

Lack of sensation (L/A)

37
Q

______ usually accompanies anesthesia?

A

Analgesia

38
Q

Stage 1 = _________

The patient ______ conscious during this stage?

A

Analgesia

Is

39
Q

What terminates stage 1?

A

Loss of consciousness

40
Q

What medication used in dentistry maintains stage 1?

A

Nitrous

41
Q

Stage 2 = _______/________

This stage initiates _____ but can have involuntary movements?

A

delirium/excitement

unconsciousness

42
Q

Stage 3 = ________ ________

A

surgical anesthesia

43
Q

Stage 4 = _________ ______

A

respiratory paralysis

44
Q

General Anesthesia is ______ lack of awareness?

A

total

45
Q

Most drugs work on what part of the brain?

A

cerebral cortex

46
Q

Local anesthesia works by blocking nerve impulses at _____ _______ by blocking _____ ______?

A

cellular level

sodium channels

47
Q

What is the most common form of sedation?

A

IV

48
Q

What are 2 common agents used in the induction phase of general anesthesia?

A

Pentothal

Propofol

49
Q

What paralytic drug is used when patients get intubated or are very combative?

A

Succinylcholine

50
Q

What is the most common type of psychosis?

A

Schizophrenia

51
Q

How did “older” typical antipsychotics work?

A

blocked dopamine receptor sites

52
Q

Name 1 “older” antipsychotic drug?

A

Thorazine

53
Q

What atypical antipsychotic is used in the 1st line of therapy for Schizo/Bipolar patients?

A

Risperdal

54
Q

Name 2 common atypical antipsychotics?

A

Abilify

Clozaril

55
Q

What are 2 common side effects of antipsychotic medications?

A

Parkinson movements

Tardive Dyskinesia

56
Q

Anticholinergics produce symptoms of ______, _______ and _______ dentally?

A

xerostomia
root caries
oral candidiasis

57
Q

Depression Diagnosis is based on?

A

5 symptoms or more…every day…. for 2 wks

58
Q

What are 3 classes of anti-depressants?

A

MAOI’s
TCA’s
SSRI’s

59
Q

MAO inhibitors inhibit ______ _____ so it wont break down catecholamines?

A

Monoamine Oxidase

60
Q

What is the most potent antidepressant?

A

MAOI’s

61
Q

Name 2 common MAO inhibitors?

A

Nardil

Marplan

62
Q

What antidepressant inhibits the re-uptake of NE/Serotonin?

A

TCA

63
Q

What dental condition do TCA’s help relieve?

A

Nocturnal bruxism

64
Q

What are 2 commonly used TCA’s?

A

Elavil

Tofranil

65
Q

TCA’s have been replaced by?

A

SSRI

66
Q

What antidepressant inhibits ONLY serotonin re-uptake?

A

SSRI

67
Q

What was the prototype SSRI?

A

Prozac

68
Q

What are 3 commonly prescribed SSRI’s?

A

Paxil
Zoloft
Wellbutrin

69
Q

ADHD is due to increased release of ____ and ______?

A

NE

Dopamine

70
Q

What is the GOLD STANDARD mood stabilizer?

A

Lithium

71
Q

What is an example of a Somatoform Disorder?

A

Anorexia

72
Q

What type of drug is widely prescribed for anxiety?

A

Benzodiazepines

73
Q

Can we use L/A with epi if a patient is on Benzodiazepines?

A

yes

74
Q

What is the prototype Benzodiazepine?

A

Valium

75
Q

Which Benzodiazepine has an antagonist? What is the name of the antagonist?

A

Versed

Romazicon

76
Q

Valium _________ anesthesia while Versed is used in _______ sedation?

A

induces

preoperative

77
Q

Name 3 oral Benzodiazepines?

A

Valium
Xanax
Librium

78
Q

What is the Benzodiazepine used as a date rape drug?

A

Rohypnol “roofies”

79
Q

Ambien and Lunesta are what type of drug? What class?

A

Benzo-like (used for insomnia)

Class IV- Rx needed

80
Q

Name 3 Barbiturates used to induce anesthesia?

A

Pentholal
Pentobarbital
Phenobarbital

81
Q

What sedative/hypnotic did Michael Jackson die of?

A

Propofol

82
Q

Propofol has a ______ induction time and a ______ duration?

A

rapid (40sec)

short (5-10min)

83
Q

What Non-Bartbiturate did Anna Nicole Smith OD on?

A

Noctec

84
Q

Noctec has a _____ onset time and a _______ duration?

A

long (30-60min)

long (4-6hr)

85
Q

What Non-Barbiturate sedative/hypnotic is safer because it has an antagonist? What is the name of the antagonist?

A

Miltown

Narcan/Maxicon

Dental Medicine 1 (11 decks)

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