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Dental Medicine 1 > Module 2 (part of test 1) > Flashcards

Module 2 (part of test 1) Flashcards

1
Q

The autonomic nervous system controls _______ responses?

A

involuntary

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2
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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3
Q

“Rest and relaxation” deals with what branch of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic

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4
Q

The Sympathetic division prepares the body for “________ or ________” responses?

A

fight

flight

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5
Q

What is the receptor that deals with the Sympathetic Division?

A

Adrenergic

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6
Q

What is the receptor that deals with the Parasympathetic Division?

A

Cholinergic

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7
Q

Which receptor has divisions and what are they?

A

Adrenergic

Alpha and Beta

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8
Q

ANS drugs are used in dentistry. What are two examples?

A

Anesthetic

Nitrous Oxide

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9
Q

What ANS drugs can cause Xerostomia by blocking acetylcholine receptors?

A

Anticholinergics

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10
Q

Anti-depressants and Anti-psychotics have effects _______ to ANS system?

A

similar

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11
Q

The somatic nervous system stimulates ______ responses?

A

voluntary (skeletal muscles)

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12
Q

The Sympathetic nervous system dilate pupils when activated…This dilation of pupils is called?

A

Mydriasis

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13
Q

What 3 things does a Synapse consist of?

A

presynapse
synaptic cleft
postsynapse

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14
Q

What is the term for a group of nerve cell bodies located outside the Central Nervous System?

A

Ganglia

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15
Q

What are the 4 parts of a Neuron?

A

Cell Body
Dendrite
Axon
Axon Terminal

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16
Q

What carries the signals between neurons/other cells?

A

A neurotransmitter

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17
Q

What are the 3 catecholamines of the Adrenergic response system?

A

Epi
Nor-epi
Dopamine

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18
Q

Catecholamines come from the _______ ______ and are put into the blood during sympathetic stimulation?

A

Adrenal Medulla

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19
Q

The Sympathetic Response has _______ receptors like Adrenaline?

A

Adrenergic

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20
Q

The Alpha Receptors of the Sympathetic Response are responsible for _______?

A

smooth muscle relaxing

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21
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the Beta-receptors of the Sympathetic response are?

A

Beta 1

Beta 2

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22
Q

__________ receptors of the sympathetic response are responsible for the heart muscle?

A

Beta 1

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23
Q

Beta 2 receptors of the sympathetic response are responsible for the _____

A

lungs

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24
Q

Cholinergic Receptors are found in the _______ response system?

A

parasympathetic

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25
Q

Cholinergic receptors of the parasympathetic response have _________ receptors on them?

A

acetylcholine

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26
Q

What receptors of the parasympathetic response are responsible for most side effects?

A

Muscarinic

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27
Q

Muscarinic receptors ________ Heart Rate?

A

decrease

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28
Q

What receptors have to do with muscular paralysis like in general anesthesia?

A

Nicotinic

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29
Q

What receptors are sensitive to Nor-epi and epi?

A

Alpha 1 Adrenergic (sympathetic)

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30
Q

Alpha 1 Adrenergic receptors have an excitability concept that_________vessels?

A

constrict

31
Q

Due to the response of Beta-1 Adrenergic receptors the heart needs?

A

more Oxygen

32
Q

Stimulation of the Beta 2 Adrenergic receptors causes smooth muscle _______ Vaso________ and Broncho_______?

A

relaxation
dilation
dilation

33
Q

If someone is in Anaphylactic Shock what do we give them to dilate their bronchi?

A

epinephrine

34
Q

What receptors of the parasympathetic are found in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?

A

Muscarinic Cholinergic

35
Q

Muscarinic receptors of the parasympathetic response cause smooth muscle ______ and _______ cardiac function and glandular secretions

A

contraction

slows

36
Q

What does Sympathomimetic mean?

A

drug that mimics sympathetic nervous system

37
Q

Another name for a sympathomimetic is?

A

Adrenergic Agonist

38
Q

An agonist ________ something?

A

promotes

39
Q

Another name for a Cholinergic Agonist is?

A

Parasympathomimetic

40
Q

A sympathomimetic stimulates ________ nervous system?

A

sympathetic

41
Q

The effects of a adrenergic agonist depends on?

A

Alpha and Beta adrenergic receptors

42
Q

________ has a limited use as a vasoconstrictor in Local Anesthetic?

A

Limited

43
Q

Epinephrine affects alpha adrenergic receptors and causes vaso________ which _______ B.P.

A

constriction

increases

44
Q

Epinephrine affects beta-1 adrenergic receptors and causes an increase in the ______ and ______ of the heart?

A

strength

rate

45
Q

Epinephrine affects beta-2 adrenergic receptors and causes ___________

A

bronchodilation

46
Q

What drug is used in ophthalmology to cause Mydriasis?

A

Ephedrine

47
Q

What is a common alpha adrenergic drug used as a nasal decongestant?

A

phenylephrine

48
Q

What OTC drug is used to “cook” Meth?

A

Sudafed

49
Q

Pseudoephedrine is a _____ and ______ _______ drug?

A

alpha
beta
adrenergic

50
Q

What drug is a precursor of Nor-epi and epi?

A

dopamine

51
Q

Dopamine is used primarily for shock and in what disease?

A

Parkinsons (lack of dopamine)

52
Q

what was the first bronchodilator that affected both beta adrenergic receptors?

A

isoproterenol

53
Q

what is the bronchodilator of choice now?

A

ALBUTEROL (ventolin brand name)

it doesn’t react with beta 1 receptors (heart)

54
Q

What are some side effects of adrenergic drugs?

A

CNS disturbances
heart arrhythmia
heart palpitations
hypotension

55
Q

alpha blocking drugs cause non-selective ________ which decreases ______?

A

vasodilation

BP

56
Q

alpha blocking drugs result in ____ and ______ _______?

A

tachycardia

orthostatic hypotension

57
Q

Alpha receptors are found on the ________ and when stimulated by epi/nor-epi they ______

A

arteries

constrict

58
Q

phenoxybenzamine/Dibenzyline is used to treat _______ syndrome and ______ in newborns

A

raynaud’s

pulmonary hypertension

59
Q

Raynauds syndrome is an ______ disease that is triggered by ________ which causes arterial ________

A

autoimmune
cold
vasoconstriction

60
Q

Beta blocking generic drugs all end in _______ suffix?

A

olol

61
Q

Beta Blockers block increased _______ broncho__________ and ______

A

heart rate
dilation
tachycardia

62
Q

Which beta blocker isn’t ok to use epinephrine Local Anesthetic on? Why?

A

Nadolol (Corgard)

because it is nonselective (affects beta 1 and 2 receptors)

63
Q

Propranolol is a _____ beta blocker used to treat many diseases and can cause ________ as well?

A

non-selective

bronchoconstriction

64
Q

What 2 beta blockers are beta 1 specific?

A

Metoprolol

Atenolol

65
Q

Neuronal Blocking Drugs block _______ from the sympathetic neuron which causes decreased BP?

A

release of Nor-epi

66
Q

What is a very strong Neuronal blocking drug used to treat hypertension?

A

Alpha-Methyldopa (Aldomet)

67
Q

What drug has an antidepressant effect on the CNS by inhibiting alpha receptors in the medulla?

A

Clonidine (Catapres)

68
Q

Clonidine is used to tx what?

A

ADHD
Alcohol/Opiate withdrawal
Anxiety/Bipolar

69
Q

Newer neuronal blocking drugs are causing _______ in order to decrease BP

A

vasodilation

70
Q

Cholinergic drugs either stimulate _______ receptors or bock ___________

A

muscarinic

acetylcholinesterase

71
Q

What drug is synthetically made and mimics acetylcholine?

A

Choline Esters

72
Q

Anticholinergic drugs can either _____ or _____ effect of Acetylcholine?

A

prolong

block

73
Q

What drug is a prototype anticholinergic that decreases salivary flow and GI spasm which is good prior to dental surgery?

A

Atropine

Dental Medicine 1 (11 decks)

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