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Dental Medicine 1 > Module 5 (part of test 2) > Flashcards

Module 5 (part of test 2) Flashcards

1
Q

HTN is a _______ ______ BP?

A

sustained

elevated

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2
Q

What is a normal BP?

A

< 120/80

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3
Q

What is HTN-2?

A

> 160/110

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4
Q

What is Pre-HTN?

A

120-139/85-89

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5
Q

What is HTN-1?

A

140-159/90-99

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6
Q

Anti-HTN drugs act on what body systems?

A

Vascular
Cardiac
Renal
Sympathetic

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7
Q

Anti-HTN drugs decrease ______, ______ output, and peripheral vascular _______?

A

BP
cardiac
resistance

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8
Q

What is the NORMAL resting cardiac output?

A

5 liters/min

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9
Q

Your BP is regulated by what body systems?

A

PNS
SNS
Kidneys

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10
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

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11
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the kidney?

A

filter
absorb
secrete

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12
Q

What were the FIRST drugs used in the treatment of HTN?

A

Diuretics- 1950

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13
Q

What was the PROTOTYPE Diuretic?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

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14
Q

Diuretics increase the ________ production and inhibit the _______ in the distal tubules?

A

urine

Na reabsorption

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15
Q

What are the 3 classes of diuretics?

A

Thiazides
Loop
Potassium-Sparing

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16
Q

What are 3 side effects of Diuretics?

A

Xerostomia
Dehydration
Orthostatic Hypotension

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17
Q

What is the primary diuretic used to treat HTN?

A

Thiazide Diuretics

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18
Q

Thiazides act in the _____ _____ of the kidney to inhibit ______?

A

distal tubule

NaCl reabsorption

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19
Q

Why do patients taking Thiazides have to take a potassium supplement?

A

Because they cause Hypokalemia

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20
Q

Are Thiazides safe for Diabetics? Why/Why Not?

A

No- Causes Hyperglycemia

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21
Q

Thiazides can cause ________ which would affect pts. with Gout?

A

Hyperuricemia

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22
Q

Thiazides can cause an increase in someones total ______

A

Cholesterol

hyperlipidemia

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23
Q

What common OTC drug can interfere with Thiazides?

A

NSAID

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24
Q

NSAID’s cause rapid _______ in pts. using Thiazides?

A

BP elevation

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25
Q

What dosage of Epinephrine can we give someone who is on a Thiazide Diuretic?

A

.04mg (cardiac dose)

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26
Q

Epinephrine can cause _______ ________ on a pt. who is taking Thiazide Diuretics?

A

indirect vasoconstriction

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27
Q

What are the 2 common Thiazide Medications?

A

Lotensin (benazepril)

Diuril (chlorothiazide)

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28
Q

What kind of Diuretic is the MOST effective?

A

Loop Diuretics

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29
Q

One down side to Loop Diuretics is that they cause severe _______ loss and ________ _______?

A

K (potassium)

Orthostatic Hypotension

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30
Q

Loop Diuretics are great in pts. with _______ because they can cause rapid _____?

A

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Diuresis

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31
Q

Loop diuretics inhibit NaCl reabsorption in what areas of the kidney?

A

loop of henle

distal tubule

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32
Q

Loop diurectics cause a hypo______ which in turn causes decreased release of _____ by the ______?

A

kalemia
insulin
pancreas

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33
Q

What was the PROTOTYPE Loop Diuretic?

A

Lasix (furosemide)

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34
Q

What Medications can inhibit Lasix?

A

Cholesterol Meds

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35
Q

What kind of Diuretic is a “puny” one with a “K” catching ability?

A

Potassium-Spariing

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36
Q

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics inhibit ____ reabsorption with a reduction of K _____

A

Na

excretion

37
Q

What is the MOST important potassium-sparing diuretic medication?

A

Dyrenium (triamterene)

38
Q

Do we have to restrict Epi use in LA with potassium-sparing drug use?

A

NO

39
Q

Beta-Blocking Drug names usually end in?

A

“olol”

40
Q

Beta Blockers block the action of _____ and ____ and inhibit the ____-__-_____ response of the SNS?

A

Epi
Nor-epi
flight-or-fight

41
Q

Non-Specific Beta-Blockers decrease the ___ and _____ of cardiac contraction?

A

rate

force

42
Q

Inotropic means?

A

altering contraction forces

43
Q

Non-Specific Beta Blockers have a ___ inotropic effect?

A

Negative

44
Q

What are the 2 common Non-Specific Beta Blocking drugs?

A

Corgard (Nadolol)

Coreg (carvedial)

45
Q

Which of the 2 Non-Specific Beta Blockers works the BEST?

A

Coreg (carvedial)

46
Q

Do we have to restrict Epi use in LA with Non-selective Beta Blockers?

A

Yes- give cardiac dose

47
Q

What are 2 common side effects of non-specific beta blocking drugs?

A

sexual dysfunction

Bronchoconstriction

48
Q

What receptors do SELECTIVE Beta Blockers act on?

A

Beta 1 (heart)

49
Q

What are the 2 common Selective Beta Blocking Drugs?

A

Tenormin (atenolol)

Lopressor (metoprolol)

50
Q

Do we have to restrict Epi use in LA with Selective Beta Blocking Drugs?

A

Yes- give cardiac dose

51
Q

Alpha 1 Blockers cause vaso______ therefore decreasing _____

A

dilation

BP

52
Q

Alpha 1 Blockers are also used in the tx. of?

A

BPH (benign prostatic Hypertrophy)

53
Q

What OTC drugs can affect the kidneys Na excretion when mixed with an Alpha 1 Blocker?

A

NSAID

54
Q

An Alpha 2 Blocker prevents ______ from being released at the heart which leads to a ______ of the blood vessels?

A

Nor-Epi

relax

55
Q

What common Alpha 2 Blocker is used in the treatment of ADHD also?

A

Clonidine (catapres)

* also can tx menopause, nicotine, and narcotic withdrawal

56
Q

In teh 1980’s What medication was used in the treatment of ANGINA?

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

57
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers are now the MOST widely used drug of choice to tx?

A

HTN

58
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers decreases the ______ and ______ of the heart as well as the demand for ______?

A

contractility
conductivity
oxygen

59
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers inhibit the influx of Calcium into the ____ and ______muscle which relaxes the ______ to decrease BP?

A

cardiac
smooth
arterioles

60
Q

What is the most common Calcium Channel Blocking Medication?

A

Procardia (nifedipine)

61
Q

A small amount of people may experience what oral symptom while taking Calcium Channel Blockers?

A

Gingival Hypertrophy

62
Q

When your BP increases the kidneys excrete ____ which decreases the ____ _____ and ______ ______?

A

Sodium
Blood Volume
Cardiac Output

63
Q

What is produced and secreted by the kidney in response to a decrease in renal blood flow?

A

Renin

64
Q

Renin initiates the production of ________

A

Angiotensin 2

65
Q

Angiotensin 2 is a ____ which causes _____?

A

hormone

vasoconstriction of all blood vessels

66
Q

What kind of drugs inhibit the secretion and production of Renin?

A

ACE- Inhibitors

67
Q

What is the most common ACE-inhibitor Medication?

A

Lotensin (benaxepril)

68
Q

What are 2 common oral side effects of ACE- inhibitors?

A

Taste Changes

Angioedema of lips/face/tongue

69
Q

What medications are used to prevent and treat Coronary Ischemias and Chest Pain?

A

Anti-Anginals

70
Q

What are the 3 types of drugs used to treat Angina Pectoris?

A

Nitrates
Ca Channel Blockers
Non-selective/selective Beta Blockers

71
Q

Nitrates act ______ on the heart?

A

indirectly

72
Q

Nitrates relax _______ muscle and dilate the ______ ________ which increases the amount of ______ in the blood?

A

vascular smooth
coronary arteries
oxygen

73
Q

What is the PROTOTYPE Nitrate Drug?

A

Nitroglycerin

74
Q

Nitroglycerin is administered _______ because of its rapid onset?

A

sublingually (spray/tab)

75
Q

The side effects of Nitroglycerin are _____ and are due to?

A

headache, dizziness

vasodilation

76
Q

What is the term given to an inability of the ventricles to pump enough blood to meet the demands?

A

Cardiac Failure

77
Q

A Healthy heart has good _______, ______, and _____

A

contractility
beats
electrical impulses

78
Q

What side of the heart fails first in Cardiac Failure?

A

L

79
Q

What is the most common type of drug used to treat Congestive Heart Failure?

A

Cardiac Glycosides

80
Q

What is the Cardiac Glycoside PROTOTYPE drug?

A

Digitalis

81
Q

Glycosides have a _______ therapeutic index?

A

narrow

toxic and therapeutic dose are very close

82
Q

Glycosides increase the _____ and ______ of a contraction which decreases ______ because of the increased efficiency of the heart?

A

force
strength
edema

83
Q

How do Glycosides enhance the contractility of the heart?

A

by increasing the Ca Concentration

84
Q

What are some common side effects of Glycosides?

A

gag reflex/salivation increased
Headache
Arrhythmias (at toxic level)

85
Q

What 2 drugs increase the blood levels of Digoxin in 10% of pts?

A

Tetracycline

Erythromycin

86
Q

What is a common Sodium channel blocking drug used to treat arrhythmias?

A

Lidocaine (xylocaine)

87
Q

What is a common potassium channel blocking drug used to treat arrhythmias?

A

Cordarone ( amiodarone)

88
Q

Do we have to restrict Epi in LA for pts. on anti-arrhythmia medication?

A

NO

Dental Medicine 1 (11 decks)

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