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Module 1 (part of test 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacotherapy

A

using specific drugs for prevention, diagnosis, and tx of specific problems

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2
Q

Pharmacy

A

The science of the preparation and dispensing of medicinal drugs

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3
Q

What are Index Terms

A

The drug name/abbreviation of generic drug

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4
Q

What is the Pharmacological Category

A

What the drug is used for

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5
Q

A Generic name is the ______ name. It is a drug that is no longer?

A

official

protected by patent

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6
Q

lidocaine, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, diazepam….these are examples of _____ named drugs

A

generic

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7
Q

The Brand/Trade name is the ______ ______ name. It is a drug that is?

A

Drug Manufacturer

protected by patent

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8
Q

Xylocaine, Advil, Tylenol, Valium….these are examples of ______ named drugs?

A

Brand/Trade

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9
Q

The study of the Harmful effects of drugs

A

Toxicology

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10
Q

What is the study of How a drug works and how it moves?

A

Pharmacodynamics/kinetics

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11
Q

What year did drugs first have to be prescribed?

A

1951

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12
Q

What year was the DEA established

A

1970

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13
Q

Pharmacology is the study of _____ their ____ and _____ and how they effect _____

A

drugs
origin
properties
living organisms

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14
Q

What class of drugs has the highest degree of abuse potential?

A

Class 1

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15
Q

PCP, LSD, Heroin….all types of Class ____ drugs because?

A

1

can’t be filled in a pharmacy

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16
Q

Morphine, Oxycodone (percocet), Methylophenudate (Ritalin), Cocaine…..all types of Class _____ drugs because?

A

2

High Risk

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17
Q

Loratab, codeine, anabolic steroids….all types of Class _____ drugs because?

A

3

Moderate risk

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18
Q

What Class Drugs do you have to get a WRITTEN prescription and has some safe medical use

A

Class 2

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19
Q

What Class Drugs can you have an oral or written prescription?

A

Class 3/4

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20
Q

Phenobarbital, Valium, Xanax….all types of Class ______ drugs because?

A

4

Low risk

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21
Q

What class of drugs may be prescription or OTC?

A

Class 5

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22
Q

Cough medicine with codeine are examples of class _____ drugs because?

A

5

Very low risk

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23
Q

Knowing how much (mg/dose) to give before you see a response has to deal with the ______/________?

A

Dose Response Curve

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24
Q

Increasing a drugs dosage produces what?

A

no additional therapeutic response

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25
Q

As the dose of the drug increases a _____ is reached?

A

maximal response / Plateau

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26
Q

What occurs then the therapeutic response of a drug cannot be increased with a higher dose?

A

Ceiling Effect

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27
Q

Define Potency?

A

How much drug is needed to produce a response

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28
Q

A drug that has high potency will need a ___ amount of drug to produce a therapeutic response?

A

smaller

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29
Q

Potency is expressed as the?

A

Median Effective Dose (ED50)

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30
Q

If a drug has a ______ ED50 it is more potent

A

lower

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31
Q

Efficacy is the _______ of a drug

A

effectiveness

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32
Q

Efficacy refers to differences in the ______ that drugs will produce at ANY dose?

A

maximum effect

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33
Q

Efficacy:

More drug ______ ______ give better results but could?

A

will not

be detrimental

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34
Q

What is a ratio of a drugs toxic dose (LD) to its therapeutic dose (ED)

A

Therapeutic Index

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35
Q

A safe drug will have a ____ Therapeutic Index (TI)

A

high

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36
Q

The Lethal dose kills _______ of the subjects, while the ED does what?

A

1/2

produces a response

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37
Q

Digitalis and Coumadin are examples of drugs with a ______ TI and therefore need to be?

A

LOW

monitored closely

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38
Q

Drugs with a High TI have _____ side effects?

A

few

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39
Q

An _________ is an unexpected effect of a drug?

A

Idiosyncrasy

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40
Q

Ritalin is a stimulant that actually CALMS kids with ADHD….this is an example of an?

A

Idiosyncrasy

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41
Q

What produces an allergic response?

A

Allergen

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42
Q

An allergy is due to a disorder of the?

A

Immune System

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43
Q

A_______ develops in response to an antigen?

44
Q

Antibodies are present because or past ____, ____, or are transferred from?

A

infections
immunizations
mother

45
Q

What is an antigen?

A

anything the body sees as foreign that produces ann immune response

46
Q

What must take place for a true allergic response?

A

mast cells must release histamine

47
Q

histamine causes vessels to _______ and bronchi to _____

A

dilate

constrict

48
Q

What are symptoms of a true allergic reaction.

A

rash, hives, dyspnea, decreased BP

49
Q

Any substance that, when taken into the living organism, may modify one or more of its functions is called a ______?

50
Q

A _______ is not biologically active and is used in controlled drug studies?

51
Q

The effect of a placebo?

A

satisfy patient demand

52
Q

Due to ________ a larger dose is required to obtain the same response as an original dose?

53
Q

The Therapeutic Effect is the ______ effect, or the clinically ____ action?

A

intended

desirable

54
Q

An effect other than intended is called a ____?

A

side effect

55
Q

Example of a side effect:
Morphine Therapeutic Effect = pain relief
Morphine Side Effect = ?

A

nausea or dizziness

56
Q

______ drugs have side effects?

57
Q

The ______ ______ is when a side effect becomes harmful

A

toxic effect

58
Q

A _______ is a substance that causes birth defects?

59
Q

Example of a Teratogen:

A

Thalidomide - used for morning sickness1961

caused short arms and legs or no arms/legs

60
Q

Carcinogen is _____ causing?

61
Q

What is the new term used for Addiction?

A

Drug Dependence

62
Q

Drug Dependence can be either ______ or ______

A

psychological

physiological

63
Q

_____ is a psychological dependence or habit?

A

habituation

64
Q

(po) is an abréviation for?

65
Q

Nitro tabs/spray are examples of ______ drugs

A

sublingual

66
Q

Nitro tabs dilate _______ which nourish the heart muscle?

A

coronary vessels

67
Q

What are the benefits of oral administration of drugs?

A

simple

many forms available

68
Q

parenteral administration is by what means?

A

any other means than by mouth / rectum

69
Q

The Absorption phase is bypassed by using what route of administration?

70
Q

Administration of drugs into the bone marrow is termed?

A

Intra-osseous Infusion

71
Q

Disadvantages of IV administration

A

Phlebitis
not retrievable
high allergic rate
greater side effects

72
Q

Disadvantages of IM administration

A

temperature and muscularity affect absorption

73
Q

Lidocaine and Insulin are examples of ______ routes of administration

A

subcutaneous

74
Q

Disadvantage of topic (inhaled/gel/cream)

A

tissue sloughing

75
Q

The TB test is an example of a _____ injection

A

intra-dermal

76
Q

Narcotics and Antibiotics are typically injected by means of ________ ?

A

Intramuscular

77
Q

Nicoderm patch, Birth control, Nitroglycerin are examples of ______ administration?

A

transdermal (topical)

78
Q

Bronchodilatos and nitrous oxide are examples of _____ administered drugs?

A

inhalation

79
Q

What are the 4 layers of the transdermal patch? From outside in?

A

Impermeable Membrane
Drug Reservoir
Membrane
Adhesive

80
Q

Distribution deals with transporting drugs?

A

through body

81
Q

Absorption deals with transporting drugs?

A

across cell membrane

82
Q

In order for a drug to have a pharmacological effect of tissues it must cross the?

A

Blood/tissue barrier

83
Q

What 3 pharmokinetic characteristics needed for a drug to pass through barriers?

A

Neutral PH
Lipid soluble
Small

84
Q

Cells have a ______ membrane

A

bi-phospholipid

85
Q

The cell membrane has a ______, hydro____ outside and a ________, hydro_____ inside

A

polar, philic

non-polar, phobic

86
Q

The ONLY drugs to pass the blood-brain barrier are _____ soluble drugs?

87
Q

Physical States of drug:

From fastest absorption rate to slowest?

A

Gas
Liquid
Solid

88
Q

Ionized ( charged ) drugs absorb _____ than unionized (neutral) drugs?

89
Q

MOST drugs are absorbed by ______ diffusion

90
Q

If a drug is too large or too polar…A _____ is needed in facilitated diffusion

A

carrier protein

91
Q

______ diffusion moves drugs against the concentration gradient and requires energy?

92
Q

What 2 factors affect absorption

93
Q

blood ph is ____ to ______

94
Q

When a drug leaves the blood it is distributed to ___ or enters the _____

A

extracellular fluid

Intracellular Space

95
Q

Drugs must be in a ____ soluble form to be excreted?

96
Q

When a drug molecule is altered it is called a _______

A

metabolite

97
Q

What is the major route of fluoride elimination

A

Kidney ( Urine)

98
Q

The ______ transforms lipid soluble drugs in order for them to be excreted in the urine?

99
Q

The _______ is the primary site of biotransformation

100
Q

The ability of the liver to bio-transform drugs is _____ determined

A

genetically

101
Q

The mechanism of action of a drug is?

A

what the drug DOES!

102
Q

Aspirin:
Pain receptor found in?
Fever recepto found in?

A

brain

hypothalamus

103
Q

Receptors are usually _______

A

macromolecules

104
Q

Lock and Key Concept:

In order to produce a result a specific _____ is needed?

105
Q

An antagonist combines with receptor site but, _______?

A

can’t elicit a response

Dental Medicine 1 (11 decks)

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